Questions tagged [filesystems]
A filesystem is a way to organize and store computer files with their data.
4,010
questions
0
votes
1
answer
9
views
Failed to run init with error: jffs2: compression type 0x06 not available
I am working on an embedded Linux system (5.10.24), and I am using jffs2 as the rootfs.
Now I changed the kernel configuration of jffs2 as follows,
# CONFIG_JFFS2_FS_WBUF_VERIFY is not set
# ...
- 377
0
votes
1
answer
621
views
How to resize partition with "raid" flag
Keep in mind that this question is not about how to resize/grow a RAID array or RAID partition.
I have a 4 TB partition (/dev/sdb1) on a 8 TB physical HDD (/dev/sdb). The partition has the flag raid ...
- 1
0
votes
0
answers
10
views
Mount overlay and assign owner to myuser
I've an entry in /etc/fstab like this:
overlay /etc/myfolder overlay defaults,x-systemd.requires-mounts-for=/var/data,lowerdir=/etc/myfolder,upperdir=/var/data/overlay/myfolder/upper,workdir=/var/...
-1
votes
2
answers
792
views
In Unix, what it means by "Everything is a byte stream"?
I am a newbie to Linux and while exploring around file system - I quite often encounter the phrase "Everything is a file". I do see an answer to this question here but I am still failing to ...
- 135k
3
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Recommended scheme for partitioning root file system into subvolumes following the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) is the formal codification for root file tree on Linux installations, as inherited from earlier iterations of Unix and POSIX, and subsequently adapted. It ...
CommunityBot
- 1
5
votes
5
answers
21k
views
Removing the rescue image from /boot on fedora
I am trying to upgrade my fedora system (21 → 22) using fedup. I removed all old kernels using package-cleanup but fedup still needs 2MB more on /boot.
These are the files in /boot:
-rw-r--r--. 1 ...
- 111
0
votes
0
answers
38
views
Is it possible for a filesystem type to be recognized differently or changed without reformatting a drive?
When running sudo fdisk -l my EXT4 formatted SamsungQVO USB SSD now identifies as APFS.
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda2 409640 3907029127 3906619488 1.8T Apple APFS
The ...
- 35
0
votes
0
answers
14
views
"Applying Directory Permissions to Files in Linux: Ownership and Access Query"
I am currently learning about Linux file permissions and have a query related to permissions on directories and files. Suppose there is a file 'x' owned by a user 'user1' and belonging to a specific ...
80
votes
10
answers
217k
views
Create and format exFAT partition from Linux
Is it possible to create and format an exFAT partition from Linux?
- 2,302
3
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Best Filesystem to Merge Across Different Size/Speed Drives?
I tend to run Debian-based distros. My main desktop is running a new Asus server board (Tons of SATA ports) in a Cosmos II case (Tons of drive bays). I already have 4 extra drives in my computer and I ...
CommunityBot
- 1
1
vote
4
answers
2k
views
Corrupted usb key cannot be mounted or formatted
I have a USB stick that I can't operate on no matter what.
lsbkl -f
shows an empty line and no partitions
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
...
CommunityBot
- 1
0
votes
0
answers
19
views
btrfs subvolume quota and free space for samba share
My btrfs filesystem is mounted under /mnt/btrfs. I then created a subvolume /mnt/btrfs/sv and enabled quotas. After that I set the quota to 10G with btrfs qgroup limit -e 10G /mnt/btrfs/sv and ...
19
votes
4
answers
79k
views
How to check if a file is corrupt or not?
Are there any general solutions to check if a file is corrupt or not? For example, whether a video file is bad, or a compressed file is corrupt, etc.
- 2,765
1
vote
0
answers
18
views
How to merge the content of multiple subdirectories into another directory where destination contains the same directory name using a mount / union?
In the example below, exdir is a directory containing many subdirectories. The contents of each subdirectory, which are directories themselves, should be merged with /su/destdir, which already contain ...
- 66.7k
1
vote
2
answers
182
views
SSD initially mounts correctly, but disappears from lsblk after a few days
I am a Linux beginner, and am having a problem with a drive which disappears from lsblk periodically, and am stuck with how to proceed. The drive is an 240GB external USB SSD.
Mounting the Drive Works
...
- 4,385
0
votes
1
answer
26
views
Can mmap be used to create a file which references memory subset of another file?
I'm interested in writing a program that can create two files, second file would be a "view" of first file and if modified, the first file would also be modified. Is this possible to do with ...
- 423k
0
votes
0
answers
22
views
Yocto Project for a New Board
I am trying to hunt down specifics on Yocto in regards to how to set up the filesystem before the build of poky.
I have a new board that I wanted to try Yocto on.
I have this FS so far after source oe-...
- 105
10
votes
3
answers
28k
views
"Either the superblock or the partition table is likely to be corrupt!" after partition resized
I used KDE's partition manager tool from the Manjaro live CD to shrink my existing Linux Mint partition and create another one to install Manjaro.
This went fine, however, it looks like my Linux Mint ...
- 11
5
votes
1
answer
5k
views
using overlay2 on CentOS 7.4
How do I install and enable the overlay2 storage driver on CentOS 7?
I have done many google searches on this and I see that version 7.4 is required. So I typed the following commands to confirm ...
CommunityBot
- 1
2
votes
1
answer
51
views
sshd: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory /data
I'm trying ssh-ing into a rooted Android phone, but it gives me an error Permission denied (publickey)., and the log says Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory, despite of the ...
- 3,350
-2
votes
0
answers
77
views
Increasing the size of the swap partition with free space partition
My hard drive has three partitions with free space that I would like to turn into swap, meaning I want to increase the size of the swap partition using the free space from these three partitions (2M + ...
- 6,786
2
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Besides the journal, what are the differences between ext2 and ext3?
I just saw an answer question about filesystems for embedded hardware on another Stack Exchange site. The question was "What file system format should I use on flash memory?" and the answer suggested ...
- 3,468
1
vote
1
answer
2k
views
Which "file system type" to choose in "parted" for an LVM volume?
Running RHEL 8, the parted utility asks for a "File system type" for the partition being created.
If I plan to use LVM which should I choose? does it matter or I can choose any type of file ...
- 17.3k
242
votes
9
answers
496k
views
Find where inodes are being used
So I received a warning from our monitoring system on one of our boxes that the number of free inodes on a filesystem was getting low.
df -i output shows this:
Filesystem Inodes IUsed ...
- 131
36
votes
2
answers
63k
views
How to find out a file is hard link or symlink? [duplicate]
I have a file in ~/file.txt.
I have created a hard link by :
ln ~/file.txt ~/test/hardfile.txt
and a symlink file :
ln -s ~/file.txt ~/test/symfile.txt
Now,
How can I find out that which file is ...
- 105
1
vote
2
answers
2k
views
Difference between C-state and S-state?
I was going through the Linux power management files, and I am confused about the C and S states.
The C-states are defined in /sys/devices/system/cpux/cpuidle/. From what I understand they are used ...
CommunityBot
- 1
5
votes
2
answers
27k
views
df command shows 100% full, even after deleting files it shows same usage (100%)
Nand Flash storage partition shows as 100% full with df command. When manually calculated the usage it is about 7-80%(max) only. Deleted few files (say around 50~60MB), still df command output did not ...
- 203
1
vote
1
answer
163
views
How to intentionally corrupt my file system or crash its driver?
I am doing a research that involves intentionally corrupting my file system. I shouldn't be able to read or write anything to the file system after that. Therefore I am ok with crashing the drivers to ...
- 177
1
vote
1
answer
103
views
Equivalent of `btrfs send` and `btrfs recv` for bcachefs
I'm using a setup I consider to be rather fragile and prone to failure involving LUKS, LVM, btrfs, and bcache. I have used btrfs for a long time, and have never experienced any significant issues with ...
- 1,312
1
vote
1
answer
2k
views
Git - how to add/link subfolders into one git-repository directory
Assuming I have a file structure like this:
├── Project-1/
│ ├── files/
│ └── special-files/
├── Project-2/
│ ├── files/
│ └── special-files/
└── Project-3/
├── files/
└── special-...
CommunityBot
- 1
3
votes
2
answers
104
views
Is there a filesystem that can maintain extra ECC data like raid5, but in the filesystem to make a fault-tolerant single external drive?
Normally to make a fault-tolerant or corruption-repairing filesystem, you use multiple drives and raid 5, or anything but raid 0.
There are also many ways to make a fault-tolerant archive file like ...
- 131
0
votes
1
answer
582
views
How can I create an exfat partition that can be mounted without root?
I am using "mkfs.exfat /dev/sdb1" and it works beautifully, except only a root user can modify the contents. I have looked through all of the options I can find for mkfs and cannot figure this out. ...
- 2,765
10
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Why does the dd command recover a file deleted using shred?
I found the inode of a file using ls -li.
Then I found the file’s starting block on disk.
I copied the contents of the block to another directory using the dd command.
Then I shredded the file using ...
- 423k
0
votes
1
answer
75
views
none filesystem in WSL got large disk space
By running the following command, a path (/usr/lib/wsl/drivers) with none filesystem type appears:
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
none 16G 4.0K 16G 1% /mnt/...
- 111k
1
vote
1
answer
3k
views
Failed NVMe M.2 SSD, broken filesystem, unwriteable; can I wipe it anyway?
My Samsung 970 EVO M.2 500GB SSD (MZ-V7E500BW) suddenly failed yesterday during a power outage.
I now have a warning during POST ("WARNING! Please back up your data and replace your hard disk ...
CommunityBot
- 1
-2
votes
2
answers
321
views
How to convert ZFS to bcachefs on Linux Mint 21 and LMDE5?
2023-10-31, Bcachefs Merged Into The Linux 6.7 Kernel:
https://www.phoronix.com/news/Bcachefs-Merged-Linux-6.7
https://web.archive.org/web/20231103095158/https://www.phoronix.com/news/Bcachefs-Merged-...
- 142
-3
votes
1
answer
937
views
Which RAID levels and related are supported by bcachefs and how to configure?
2023-10-31, Bcachefs Merged Into The Linux 6.7 Kernel:
https://www.phoronix.com/news/Bcachefs-Merged-Linux-6.7
https://web.archive.org/web/20231103095158/https://www.phoronix.com/news/Bcachefs-Merged-...
- 142
-1
votes
4
answers
4k
views
Get file system free space in /proc
I wanna know if exist some file in /proc that shows the file system free space like the Ubuntu's command:
df -h
root@localhost:~$ df -h
S. files SIZE USE FREE %...
- 111k
44
votes
3
answers
5k
views
Why is the "ls" command showing permissions of files in a FAT32 partition?
I believe that the FAT32 file system does not support file permissions, however when I do ls -l on a FAT32 partition, ls -l shows that the files have permissions:
-rw-r--r-- 1 john john 11 Mar 20 15:...
- 135k
0
votes
1
answer
41
views
How can wildcard expansion create duplicates?
I have a directory with an absurd number of files, which makes this nigh impossible to understand by inspection. But here's the situation:
cp giant_folder/pre* myfolder
It's crunching along and ...
- 4,709
6
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Why should I use `sudo` with the `passwd` command to change the password of another user?
If you look at the permission set of the passwd command, you will see this:
user@apple:~$ ls -l /bin/passwd
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 59976 Nov 24 2022 /bin/passwd
/bin/passwd has the SUID bit set and ...
- 465
21
votes
3
answers
19k
views
Disk usage on a specific filesystem
I need to find out what's contributing to the disk usage on a specific filesystem (/dev/sda2):
$ df -h /
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 96G 82G 9.9G ...
- 101
35
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Why is filesystem time always some msecs behind system time in Linux?
In Linux, it seems that filesystem time is always some milliseconds behind system time, leading to inconsistencies if you want to check if a file has been modified before or after a given time in very ...
- 66.7k
1
vote
1
answer
936
views
dd: when is mandatory use bs and count together?
I am reading many tutorials about the dd command. There are some examples including the bs and count parameters. Some of them where each one is isolated over the other and other where both are used ...
- 6,439
1
vote
2
answers
3k
views
It is possible to do a SMART report to an external USB HDD?
I have has installed Ubuntu/Debian too many times on it (five times), but for inexplicable reasons, it just stopped working and corrupt the files in it without intervention.
I don't know if it is an ...
CommunityBot
- 1
0
votes
2
answers
79
views
Is using the SysRQ Emergency Remount an acceptable way to clone hard disk?
I'm using Linux (Ubuntu) and I was told that I can use the method described below to clone the system's hard drive to another one - to plug into a new machine. (Without booting from a Live CD)
It ...
- 1
0
votes
0
answers
14
views
NFS dir permissions changed not visible
I have an nfs storage mounted at /mnt/data.
This is mounted across several VMs in the same mountpoint.
I changed the permissions of the dir from 775 to 770. The change is visible only in one VM. I did ...
- 2,669
2
votes
1
answer
249
views
what used to lead /bin being full and creation of /usr/bin?
I am and was reading https://lwn.net/Articles/773342/ where the current move of migrating whole lot of filesystem from /usr/$something to simply /usr . Some of the comments again and again comment on ...
- 123
0
votes
1
answer
15
views
Does iowaitnotify close_wait guarantee the file is written completely?
Please clarify if close_write event of ionotifywait will guarantee that the file has been completely written.
The situation is a file transfer program will send a file X to a remote server Z and need ...
- 423k
43
votes
10
answers
8k
views
How to tell what type of filesystem you're on?
Is there a command to tell what type of filesystem you're using?
- 111