Questions tagged [disk]
Questions about disk drives under the UNIX and Linux systems. See also the "filesystems" tag.
862
questions
1
vote
1
answer
40
views
Unmount all nested directories under path
Let's consider these conditions:
There's multiple nested mounts with a lot of folders/files in /mnt:
sdb 8:16 0 300G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 256M 0 part /mnt/1/1
├─sdb2 8:18 0 199....
- 21
-2
votes
0
answers
43
views
reason why microsoft's windows freezes after reinstall from linux [closed]
so for a good year or so, I have been using a Debian-based distribution (parrot OS) rather than the preinstalled windows, no problems there. but then I decided to switch back to Windows as I felt it ...
- 1
1
vote
1
answer
29
views
How to know if files inside an encrypted ZFS dataset are actually encrypted or not?
When you make any change on a zfs dataset, changes are not applied to already existant data. So, if you find a ZFS dataset that says it has encyption ON, there is a way to check if an individual file ...
- 258
0
votes
1
answer
51
views
Recovering an ext4 partition
I have an external drive with an ext4 partition /dev/sda1 I use for my local borg backups.
It is simply plugged in via usb port, and, mounted with an fstab generated systemd automount entry. I ran a ...
- 53
0
votes
1
answer
37
views
Boot different drives
Is grub the only bootloader that can load an os on another disk than the one it is installed on?
Is grub the only bootloader that can do this, and boot an iso file (loopback)?
-1
votes
0
answers
27
views
How to reallocate the disk space to root directory
Would you pls help how can i reallocate the "/dev/disk/by-label/writable" disk space to root directory
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 ...
- 1
0
votes
0
answers
20
views
How to reclaim SSD space during formating
I've got a "1000GB SSD"
after creating partition (aligned to 2048) I'm down to
sdd 8:48 0 931.5G 0 disk
└─sdd1 8:49 0 931.5G 0 part
which is fine, because 1GB means 1000bytes ...
- 1
1
vote
1
answer
70
views
How to drop the contents of the block cache of a partition/drive in Linux?
(Moved from Stack Overflow.)
I have a simple backup process that copies a bunch of files to a USB flash drive. I want to verify that copying was successful by re-reading the flash drive and comparing ...
- 111
0
votes
0
answers
20
views
How to check which "applications are keeping the volume busy" on Linux? [duplicate]
Sometimes after I read and write files in a USB connected to my linux desktop, then turn off all visible applications, wait for my USB to stop blinking, then attempt to eject the USB, I get a warning ...
- 11
0
votes
1
answer
86
views
Is it safe to use /dev/disk/by-id/ instead of /dev/sda?
I am currently using a simple way to back up the drive dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb.
However, before each operation, I have to check fdisk -l to see if sda and sdb have been swapped during boot.
This is ...
- 37
1
vote
0
answers
47
views
Safest way to clone OS disk besides dd and Clonezilla
I would like to clone my OS drive, to a same/larger disk. And I will do this periodically.
On Windows I use AOEMI Partition Assistant to clone disks. The GUI is very good and idiot-proof. However, ...
- 181
1
vote
2
answers
81
views
Linux Mint File Manager Not Recognizing USB Drive After Formatting
I reformatted a USB disk that I used to install Linux Mint 21 XFCE. After reformatting, the disk does not appear in Nemo or Nautilus. It does appear in the disks manager software, in lsusb, and in ...
0
votes
1
answer
71
views
Can't access mounted partition in Fedora 38
TLDR; Fedora38 (i3wm spin) installed on 256gb nvme. Second internal disk has 'backup' btrfs partition. I can only access the mounted partition as sudo. How do I properly mount the partition on boot so ...
- 141
0
votes
0
answers
15
views
Disk failure in LVM, One drive keeps disconnecting
I built a NAS with LVM running Ubuntu Desktop. It worked fine for almost two years until a disk started to fail. Initially, it would spew out a lot of errors on a boot fsck check from one drive. After ...
0
votes
1
answer
39
views
With hdparm, why do I need to set a password before secure-erasing the drive?
To use hdparm's --security-erase, I need to provide a password; and for that to work, I need to first set a password. Why is that? i.e. if I've never set a security password for my drive, why wouldn't ...
- 8,852
0
votes
3
answers
65
views
Analogy of dd command real case when performing RW test
I'm doing these two tests:
#1
dd if=/dev/zero of=./testfile1 bs=512M count=1 conv=fsync
And
#2
dd if=/dev/zero of=./testfile2 bs=1M count=512 conv=fsync
Can I say:
#1 is meaning copying (write ...
0
votes
1
answer
22
views
HowTo Enlarge volumeGroup
I run an ubuntu server and used cloneZilla to uprade my SSD from 256G to 1TByte.
My /dev/sda3 has now a 1TB partition, but I can use only 256G as volumeGroup.
How can I enlarge my volumeGroup?
Thanks
...
- 1
0
votes
1
answer
42
views
Cancelled ext4 shrink and now I can't seem to format the drive? parted, fdisk etc won't run with the drive
I was shrinking an ext4 partition, however it was taking too long so I thought I'd just start from scratch (making a new partition and wiping the data). However after I cancelled the resize (which was ...
- 5,268
2
votes
1
answer
59
views
Disk size is variable
I was flashing a new operating system to a device, but after the process was complete, I couldn't boot into it. I then checked the disk, and I noticed something strange.
Different tools report ...
- 123
0
votes
0
answers
32
views
How to know which harddisk has the problem?
So i got this on dmesg:
[ 227.281863] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[ 227.281876] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[ 227.281881] ata3.00: failed command: FLUSH CACHE EXT
[ ...
- 9,307
9
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Low performance of encrypted SSD
I have a 128GB Somnambulist SSD. I know this brand is one of the worst. I measured the speed using GNOME Disk Utility, and it showed a read/write speed of 420/340.
After encrypting the SSD with Debian ...
- 341
0
votes
1
answer
515
views
Resize home partition taking space from root partition?
I'm on Arch Linux and this is the overview of the current disk layout:
❯ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
nvme0n1 259:0 0 476,9G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 ...
- 136
0
votes
1
answer
263
views
What is `nvme0n1p2` in `lsblk` command output? [duplicate]
In my Ubuntu 23.04 system, running lsblk gives the following output:
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5
loop1 7:1 0 55.6M ...
- 169
0
votes
0
answers
34
views
files getting automatically deleted on my dual boot
I have two main partition on my laptop, C: where windows is and E: where my files are and one extra partion which I created by shrinking partition E: where my fidora linux is installed(in total 3 main ...
7
votes
1
answer
481
views
Is it important to delete GPT/MBR labels before reformatting/repartitioning?
I've seen some disk formatting/partitioning discussions that mention destroying existing GPT/MBR data structures as a first step:
sgdisk --zap-all /dev/nvme0n1
I wasn't previously aware of this, and ...
- 1,848
0
votes
0
answers
35
views
resizing vbox disk of encrypted guest disk is not so easy
i wanna increase the size of the guest disk in virtualbox, but it is not so simple for
encrypted systems :-/
I run debian into a vbox with debian disk encryption, no vbox disk encryption.
The guests ...
- 121
0
votes
1
answer
125
views
How to combine two partitions?
I installed Linux Mint in a dual boot alongside Windows 11, however now I am trying to get completely rid off Windows 11, however I haven't been able to combine the two partitions that I used for ...
- 3
0
votes
0
answers
60
views
Generate ISO based on LFS image disk file
After finish building a LFS system, installed on a IMG file (system.img) and being able to run the system with qemu with the command:
qemu-system-x86_64 -hda system.img -vga std -m 4G
I want now ...
- 155
1
vote
0
answers
131
views
Accidentally deleted Partition table of an encrypted Linux, restoring Partition table with testdisk did not work, now trying to mount the encryp disk
I accidentally deleted the Partition table of my encrypted linux disk (ubuntu 22.04). I tried to recover the partition table with testdisk, but was unable boot into Linux after restarting the machine. ...
- 11
0
votes
1
answer
32
views
how to increase size of home directory after increasing size of the disk
I just cloned my 256 GB ssd disk to 2TB disk using disk cloner machines. However, what I want to do is increase the size of "scientific_hep--node0-home" by 1.6TB. I am running on centos7.
...
- 83
1
vote
1
answer
1k
views
Failing to create a file system
I am trying to reinstall kali linux alongside windows 10. I had kali linux, but, yesterday the installation got corrupted. I even had to format that hard drive. So, I am trying to install it again.
...
- 67
0
votes
0
answers
293
views
Unable to mount exfat external hardrive in CentOS 7
I am trying to mount an external hard drive (exFAT partition) on my machine (CentOS7).
I read that exfat is not natively handled so I installed exfat-utils and fuse-exfat rpm packages by doing:
yum ...
- 1
3
votes
1
answer
310
views
How to compress disk swap
I am looking for a way to compress swap on disk. I am not looking for wider discussion of alternative solutions. See discussion at the end.
I have tried...
Using compressed zfs zvol for swap is NOT ...
- 51
0
votes
0
answers
44
views
gfs2 not working after apt-get install
I am trying to install gfs2 and mount a disk using it.
sudo apt-get install -y gfs2-utils
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
gfs2-utils ...
- 11
1
vote
1
answer
33
views
Azure - attach a disk to multiple Linux VMs - data not updated in attached VMs
I am attaching ssdv2 disk to two linux VMs in VMSS using this guide
First VM is mounted as readwrite and second VM is mounted as readonly.
When I write something to the first VM, the second VM does ...
- 11
0
votes
0
answers
27
views
Conflict with multiple SDcard readers of the same brand connected at the same time
I have some Lexar UHS-II card readers (I believe the model is LRWM05U-7000), and when I connect more than one I realize some operations read/write from/to the wrong reader. Some apps do not even ...
0
votes
0
answers
17
views
System Rescue Cannot Find SDA/SDB any clues?
I was trying to recover my data from system rescue but there is no clue to find sda/sdb when I do
lsblk -o +VENDOR,MODEL
Can only find this one
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS VENDOR ...
- 1
0
votes
0
answers
42
views
Monitoring disk IO on MTD devices
Is there a tool for monitoring disk IO on MTD devices? I'm using UBI on top of MTD, so could also monitor IO there if that's possible.
It seems like only an erase counter is available in UBI and ...
- 61
0
votes
1
answer
305
views
Accidentally deleted the device node /dev/sda1
I was cleaning up my system and obviously got a little carried away. I ended up running: sudo rm -rf /dev/sda1. I can still see it running lsblk and df -h that /dev/sda1 is mounted on /, however it ...
- 137
0
votes
1
answer
521
views
Move disk space from /dev/sda3 to /dev/sda4
This is my current setup:
Disk /dev/sda: 546.8 GiB, 587127480320 bytes, 1146733360 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/...
1
vote
1
answer
164
views
Which systemd target makes sure that all disks are ready?
local-fs.target seems only to check when all mount blocks are ready.
How can I ensure all disks are ready if there are many disks that didn't mount during/after boot?
Which target can be used to ...
- 789
1
vote
0
answers
1k
views
Conflict between linux kernel and nvme drives. Faulty power saving mode enabled? ("nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0 pcie_aspm=off" didn't help)
I have two barely identical servers. Both with:
BIOSTAR GTA690 motherboard
Intel CPU
Same amount of RAM & disk layout
PVE distribution (debian based hypervisor). Kernel 5.19.17-1-pve.
I have ...
- 258
0
votes
0
answers
62
views
Gparted enable more logging
I cannot find a way for Gparted to produce more informative logs in the manual. What I am looking for is to find out why exactly did e cartain I/O operation fail (more details about the SCSI command ...
-1
votes
1
answer
653
views
Ubuntu gives message "Welcome to emergency mode !", fsck just says "clean"
There were 3 disk drives on the server, but one failed with input/output error and is not recoverable.
When trying to boot with the remaining 2 drives, I get:
Welcome to emergency mode!
After logging ...
0
votes
0
answers
32
views
Watching disk space dynamically during disk-intensive operations
We recently had an install that failed due to "disk full" errors. As is often the case, the log didn't specify which share was full. We saw a certain share at 100% and naturally assumed ...
0
votes
1
answer
166
views
What's the small 1M partition that goes before the EFI partition?
I'm seeing that all my EFI disks have a 1M partition that goes just before the the EFI partition:
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 34 2047 2014 1007K ...
- 258
-3
votes
1
answer
382
views
How to make a drive read-only?
how to make SSD drive read-only?
Linux, windows, and mac
and make a way to rewrite when the drive needs to update
Like rewrite CD / DVD
When boot from disk can not be modified
But as data disk on set ...
- 11
0
votes
0
answers
92
views
Is there a way to modify the VENDOR and MODEL fields of removable storage units you can list with the following LINUX lsblk command?
Command:
lsblk -l -e7 -o RM,TYPE,PATH,NAME,VENDOR,MODEL |\
awk '{ if ( ($1 == 1) && ($2 == "disk") ) {print $2,$3,$4,$5,$6} }'
Context/limitations regarding my question:
The LABEL ...
0
votes
0
answers
372
views
How to get disk I/O activity by files and processes?
On Red Hat 8 I sometimes get huge disk I/O operations.
I can see disk I/O activities by using sudo iotop -oP command.
Output is:
PID | USER | DISK READ | DISK WRITE
---- ------ ----------- -----------
...
- 101
0
votes
0
answers
120
views
How do I calculate the disk IO utilization percentage using the data from /proc/diskstats?
1 major number
2 minor mumber
3 device name
4 reads completed successfully
5 reads merged
6 sectors read
7 time spent reading (ms)
...
- 165