Questions tagged [disk]

Questions about disk drives under the UNIX and Linux systems. See also the "filesystems" tag.

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Unmount all nested directories under path

Let's consider these conditions: There's multiple nested mounts with a lot of folders/files in /mnt: sdb 8:16 0 300G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 256M 0 part /mnt/1/1 ├─sdb2 8:18 0 199....
GrabbenD's user avatar
-2 votes
0 answers
43 views

reason why microsoft's windows freezes after reinstall from linux [closed]

so for a good year or so, I have been using a Debian-based distribution (parrot OS) rather than the preinstalled windows, no problems there. but then I decided to switch back to Windows as I felt it ...
xoity's user avatar
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1 vote
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How to know if files inside an encrypted ZFS dataset are actually encrypted or not?

When you make any change on a zfs dataset, changes are not applied to already existant data. So, if you find a ZFS dataset that says it has encyption ON, there is a way to check if an individual file ...
Héctor's user avatar
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0 votes
1 answer
51 views

Recovering an ext4 partition

I have an external drive with an ext4 partition /dev/sda1 I use for my local borg backups. It is simply plugged in via usb port, and, mounted with an fstab generated systemd automount entry. I ran a ...
lyndhurst's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
37 views

Boot different drives

Is grub the only bootloader that can load an os on another disk than the one it is installed on? Is grub the only bootloader that can do this, and boot an iso file (loopback)?
Boole Gates's user avatar
-1 votes
0 answers
27 views

How to reallocate the disk space to root directory

Would you pls help how can i reallocate the "/dev/disk/by-label/writable" disk space to root directory ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT loop0 7:0 0 ...
fiveslam's user avatar
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0 answers
20 views

How to reclaim SSD space during formating

I've got a "1000GB SSD" after creating partition (aligned to 2048) I'm down to sdd 8:48 0 931.5G 0 disk └─sdd1 8:49 0 931.5G 0 part which is fine, because 1GB means 1000bytes ...
Eva4684's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
70 views

How to drop the contents of the block cache of a partition/drive in Linux?

(Moved from Stack Overflow.) I have a simple backup process that copies a bunch of files to a USB flash drive. I want to verify that copying was successful by re-reading the flash drive and comparing ...
user2864482's user avatar
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0 answers
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How to check which "applications are keeping the volume busy" on Linux? [duplicate]

Sometimes after I read and write files in a USB connected to my linux desktop, then turn off all visible applications, wait for my USB to stop blinking, then attempt to eject the USB, I get a warning ...
pup01903's user avatar
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1 answer
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Is it safe to use /dev/disk/by-id/ instead of /dev/sda?

I am currently using a simple way to back up the drive dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb. However, before each operation, I have to check fdisk -l to see if sda and sdb have been swapped during boot. This is ...
DarekH's user avatar
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Safest way to clone OS disk besides dd and Clonezilla

I would like to clone my OS drive, to a same/larger disk. And I will do this periodically. On Windows I use AOEMI Partition Assistant to clone disks. The GUI is very good and idiot-proof. However, ...
intrigued_66's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
81 views

Linux Mint File Manager Not Recognizing USB Drive After Formatting

I reformatted a USB disk that I used to install Linux Mint 21 XFCE. After reformatting, the disk does not appear in Nemo or Nautilus. It does appear in the disks manager software, in lsusb, and in ...
decon_structed's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
71 views

Can't access mounted partition in Fedora 38

TLDR; Fedora38 (i3wm spin) installed on 256gb nvme. Second internal disk has 'backup' btrfs partition. I can only access the mounted partition as sudo. How do I properly mount the partition on boot so ...
Reed's user avatar
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15 views

Disk failure in LVM, One drive keeps disconnecting

I built a NAS with LVM running Ubuntu Desktop. It worked fine for almost two years until a disk started to fail. Initially, it would spew out a lot of errors on a boot fsck check from one drive. After ...
Oritro Ahmed's user avatar
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1 answer
39 views

With hdparm, why do I need to set a password before secure-erasing the drive?

To use hdparm's --security-erase, I need to provide a password; and for that to work, I need to first set a password. Why is that? i.e. if I've never set a security password for my drive, why wouldn't ...
einpoklum's user avatar
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3 answers
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Analogy of dd command real case when performing RW test

I'm doing these two tests: #1 dd if=/dev/zero of=./testfile1 bs=512M count=1 conv=fsync And #2 dd if=/dev/zero of=./testfile2 bs=1M count=512 conv=fsync Can I say: #1 is meaning copying (write ...
Muhammad Ikhwan Perwira's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
22 views

HowTo Enlarge volumeGroup

I run an ubuntu server and used cloneZilla to uprade my SSD from 256G to 1TByte. My /dev/sda3 has now a 1TB partition, but I can use only 256G as volumeGroup. How can I enlarge my volumeGroup? Thanks ...
RolfLang's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
42 views

Cancelled ext4 shrink and now I can't seem to format the drive? parted, fdisk etc won't run with the drive

I was shrinking an ext4 partition, however it was taking too long so I thought I'd just start from scratch (making a new partition and wiping the data). However after I cancelled the resize (which was ...
Chris Stryczynski's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
59 views

Disk size is variable

I was flashing a new operating system to a device, but after the process was complete, I couldn't boot into it. I then checked the disk, and I noticed something strange. Different tools report ...
TKirishima's user avatar
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0 answers
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How to know which harddisk has the problem?

So i got this on dmesg: [ 227.281863] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 [ 227.281876] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x40000001 [ 227.281881] ata3.00: failed command: FLUSH CACHE EXT [ ...
Kokizzu's user avatar
  • 9,307
9 votes
1 answer
1k views

Low performance of encrypted SSD

I have a 128GB Somnambulist SSD. I know this brand is one of the worst. I measured the speed using GNOME Disk Utility, and it showed a read/write speed of 420/340. After encrypting the SSD with Debian ...
Daniel's user avatar
  • 341
0 votes
1 answer
515 views

Resize home partition taking space from root partition?

I'm on Arch Linux and this is the overview of the current disk layout: ❯ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS nvme0n1 259:0 0 476,9G 0 disk ├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 ...
browser-bug's user avatar
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1 answer
263 views

What is `nvme0n1p2` in `lsblk` command output? [duplicate]

In my Ubuntu 23.04 system, running lsblk gives the following output: NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS loop0 7:0 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5 loop1 7:1 0 55.6M ...
Ar Rakin's user avatar
  • 169
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0 answers
34 views

files getting automatically deleted on my dual boot

I have two main partition on my laptop, C: where windows is and E: where my files are and one extra partion which I created by shrinking partition E: where my fidora linux is installed(in total 3 main ...
Sugam Sharma's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
481 views

Is it important to delete GPT/MBR labels before reformatting/repartitioning?

I've seen some disk formatting/partitioning discussions that mention destroying existing GPT/MBR data structures as a first step: sgdisk --zap-all /dev/nvme0n1 I wasn't previously aware of this, and ...
ivan's user avatar
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0 answers
35 views

resizing vbox disk of encrypted guest disk is not so easy

i wanna increase the size of the guest disk in virtualbox, but it is not so simple for encrypted systems :-/ I run debian into a vbox with debian disk encryption, no vbox disk encryption. The guests ...
user152037's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
125 views

How to combine two partitions?

I installed Linux Mint in a dual boot alongside Windows 11, however now I am trying to get completely rid off Windows 11, however I haven't been able to combine the two partitions that I used for ...
Vopbe's user avatar
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0 answers
60 views

Generate ISO based on LFS image disk file

After finish building a LFS system, installed on a IMG file (system.img) and being able to run the system with qemu with the command: qemu-system-x86_64 -hda system.img -vga std -m 4G I want now ...
Kleber Mota's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
131 views

Accidentally deleted Partition table of an encrypted Linux, restoring Partition table with testdisk did not work, now trying to mount the encryp disk

I accidentally deleted the Partition table of my encrypted linux disk (ubuntu 22.04). I tried to recover the partition table with testdisk, but was unable boot into Linux after restarting the machine. ...
Stefan's user avatar
  • 11
0 votes
1 answer
32 views

how to increase size of home directory after increasing size of the disk

I just cloned my 256 GB ssd disk to 2TB disk using disk cloner machines. However, what I want to do is increase the size of "scientific_hep--node0-home" by 1.6TB. I am running on centos7. ...
Watzinki's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
1k views

Failing to create a file system

I am trying to reinstall kali linux alongside windows 10. I had kali linux, but, yesterday the installation got corrupted. I even had to format that hard drive. So, I am trying to install it again. ...
Antas Sharma's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
293 views

Unable to mount exfat external hardrive in CentOS 7

I am trying to mount an external hard drive (exFAT partition) on my machine (CentOS7). I read that exfat is not natively handled so I installed exfat-utils and fuse-exfat rpm packages by doing: yum ...
pklein's user avatar
  • 1
3 votes
1 answer
310 views

How to compress disk swap

I am looking for a way to compress swap on disk. I am not looking for wider discussion of alternative solutions. See discussion at the end. I have tried... Using compressed zfs zvol for swap is NOT ...
linuxlover69's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
44 views

gfs2 not working after apt-get install

I am trying to install gfs2 and mount a disk using it. sudo apt-get install -y gfs2-utils Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done gfs2-utils ...
Libor Mézl's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
33 views

Azure - attach a disk to multiple Linux VMs - data not updated in attached VMs

I am attaching ssdv2 disk to two linux VMs in VMSS using this guide First VM is mounted as readwrite and second VM is mounted as readonly. When I write something to the first VM, the second VM does ...
Libor Mézl's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
27 views

Conflict with multiple SDcard readers of the same brand connected at the same time

I have some Lexar UHS-II card readers (I believe the model is LRWM05U-7000), and when I connect more than one I realize some operations read/write from/to the wrong reader. Some apps do not even ...
TonyStacker's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
17 views

System Rescue Cannot Find SDA/SDB any clues?

I was trying to recover my data from system rescue but there is no clue to find sda/sdb when I do lsblk -o +VENDOR,MODEL Can only find this one NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS VENDOR ...
Bobby's user avatar
  • 1
0 votes
0 answers
42 views

Monitoring disk IO on MTD devices

Is there a tool for monitoring disk IO on MTD devices? I'm using UBI on top of MTD, so could also monitor IO there if that's possible. It seems like only an erase counter is available in UBI and ...
andrey's user avatar
  • 61
0 votes
1 answer
305 views

Accidentally deleted the device node /dev/sda1

I was cleaning up my system and obviously got a little carried away. I ended up running: sudo rm -rf /dev/sda1. I can still see it running lsblk and df -h that /dev/sda1 is mounted on /, however it ...
N. J's user avatar
  • 137
0 votes
1 answer
521 views

Move disk space from /dev/sda3 to /dev/sda4

This is my current setup: Disk /dev/sda: 546.8 GiB, 587127480320 bytes, 1146733360 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/...
Bananas17's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
164 views

Which systemd target makes sure that all disks are ready?

local-fs.target seems only to check when all mount blocks are ready. How can I ensure all disks are ready if there are many disks that didn't mount during/after boot? Which target can be used to ...
Mark K's user avatar
  • 789
1 vote
0 answers
1k views

Conflict between linux kernel and nvme drives. Faulty power saving mode enabled? ("nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0 pcie_aspm=off" didn't help)

I have two barely identical servers. Both with: BIOSTAR GTA690 motherboard Intel CPU Same amount of RAM & disk layout PVE distribution (debian based hypervisor). Kernel 5.19.17-1-pve. I have ...
Héctor's user avatar
  • 258
0 votes
0 answers
62 views

Gparted enable more logging

I cannot find a way for Gparted to produce more informative logs in the manual. What I am looking for is to find out why exactly did e cartain I/O operation fail (more details about the SCSI command ...
Łukasz Przeniosło's user avatar
-1 votes
1 answer
653 views

Ubuntu gives message "Welcome to emergency mode !", fsck just says "clean"

There were 3 disk drives on the server, but one failed with input/output error and is not recoverable. When trying to boot with the remaining 2 drives, I get: Welcome to emergency mode! After logging ...
BsAxUbx5KoQDEpCAqSffwGy554PSah's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
32 views

Watching disk space dynamically during disk-intensive operations

We recently had an install that failed due to "disk full" errors. As is often the case, the log didn't specify which share was full. We saw a certain share at 100% and naturally assumed ...
user561035's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
166 views

What's the small 1M partition that goes before the EFI partition?

I'm seeing that all my EFI disks have a 1M partition that goes just before the the EFI partition: Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 34 2047 2014 1007K ...
Héctor's user avatar
  • 258
-3 votes
1 answer
382 views

How to make a drive read-only?

how to make SSD drive read-only? Linux, windows, and mac and make a way to rewrite when the drive needs to update Like rewrite CD / DVD When boot from disk can not be modified But as data disk on set ...
kc0hwa's user avatar
  • 11
0 votes
0 answers
92 views

Is there a way to modify the VENDOR and MODEL fields of removable storage units you can list with the following LINUX lsblk command?

Command: lsblk -l -e7 -o RM,TYPE,PATH,NAME,VENDOR,MODEL |\ awk '{ if ( ($1 == 1) && ($2 == "disk") ) {print $2,$3,$4,$5,$6} }' Context/limitations regarding my question: The LABEL ...
Dominique's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
372 views

How to get disk I/O activity by files and processes?

On Red Hat 8 I sometimes get huge disk I/O operations. I can see disk I/O activities by using sudo iotop -oP command. Output is: PID | USER | DISK READ | DISK WRITE ---- ------ ----------- ----------- ...
folow's user avatar
  • 101
0 votes
0 answers
120 views

How do I calculate the disk IO utilization percentage using the data from /proc/diskstats?

1 major number 2 minor mumber 3 device name 4 reads completed successfully 5 reads merged 6 sectors read 7 time spent reading (ms) ...
cjijcb's user avatar
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