Questions tagged [directory-structure]
The layout of the directory hierarchy — questions like “where does this file belong?” or “what is this directory for?”.
449
questions
0
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35
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Move /var and /home directory on a separate NVME partition
I am using Debian 11
I would like to move /var and /home directories to a NVME partition nvme1n1p1 I have attached to the server.
EDIT: I am able to move the home folder and bind to the partition. But ...
- 101
0
votes
3
answers
47
views
How to copy all files with same extension between identical directory structures?
I have 2 independent folders A and B. B has many files with the extension .build. Across A there are a fe subdirectories that have the same structure as subdirectories of B.
For example A has ...
- 113
1
vote
1
answer
74
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$XDG_CACHE_HOME vs. $XDG_STATE_HOME
Based on the XDG Base Directory Spacifications, $XDG_STATE_HOME should store history and log of the programs. But it is very common to see UNIX programs storing these kind of stuff at $XDG_CACHE_HOME, ...
0
votes
1
answer
21
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Create a tar.gz file from a different directory, tar must keep files in specific directory structure
Here is my file structure. I am currently residing in test2/ directory, and all commands must run from there.
test/
|_test2/
publish/
|_subfolder1/
|_f1
|_f2
|_f3
|...
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-3
votes
1
answer
62
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What does 'cd ../..' mean in linux?
I am aware that cd is used to navigate between files in linux commandline. However, I am not sure what the following, that I came across while trying to replicate something, means:
cd ../..
It was ...
0
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0
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13
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How to create a seperate install directory for softwares/ libraries/ applications in Ubuntu?
I want apt-get install files, .deb files and custom install files to be installed in this location. I'm going to do a fresh install of ubuntu on my office laptop.
In windows, you can move the program ...
0
votes
1
answer
31
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Find all files OR directories (without contents) that match a name
I'm trying to write a find command that searches for all files or directories with the name andreas in them (forward slashes added for clarity).
~$ find . -iname '*andreas*'
./Documents/Resume - ...
- 9,503
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2
answers
34
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When looking at subdirectories, skip one directory
I have a directory /u01/oracle/folders with these subfolders:
[root@ricusesasctl01vm tax_receipts]# ls -ltr
total 64
drwxr-xr-x 5 OICDev1 oic 4096 Mar 1 2021 Argentina
drwxr-xr-x 5 OICDev1 oic 4096 ...
2
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0
answers
36
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Is it reasonable to have a network-mounted home dir but a local ~/.cache?
I want to free up some space in my network-mounted home directory. I'm noticing that my .cache directory is very big. I was wondering whether I should replace it with a symlink, ~/.cache -> /...
- 7,249
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2
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27
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What directory specifications need to be followed on servers?
On PCs, the XDG Desktop specifications allow the individual desktops to set different folders for various data. When writing an application that will only ever be run on servers, should one simply ...
- 133
13
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2
answers
4k
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What is the difference between /lib and /usr/lib and /var/lib?
What is the difference between /lib and /usr/lib and /var/lib? Some of the files are symbolic links that "duplicate" content of other directories.
- 160
2
votes
1
answer
151
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What is the correct place for driver sources?
I have some sources I want to compile using make. The sources will be compiled into a driver I'm going to use. What is the correct place for such files? /usr/share? /opt? /usr/local/...?
Edit: the ...
- 169
0
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0
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192
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Rsync Copy failure
I am decommissioning an old intel Windows domain controller and moving the files to a raspberry pi running openmediavault.
I am trying to use rsync to copy the files but am getting some strange ...
- 1
0
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1
answer
47
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Inspecting two directory trees
How can I inspect two directory trees to determine if they are identical. Are there some good tools that allow tree merging that is free?
I am using Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS on an x86_64 architecture.
I ...
- 155
0
votes
1
answer
65
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What's the most appropriate directory where to place development software shared between users?
About share data (files and directories) among users within the same machine, has sense use the /srv directory it according with:
What's the most appropriate directory where to place files shared ...
- 882
0
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1
answer
32
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Opening file from sd card using dmenu
I would like to use dmenu to open files. I figured out how to get this to work if the file is in my home directory:
#!/bin/sh
FILE="workbook.pdf"
zathura "$FILE"
However, I ...
-4
votes
2
answers
200
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Why does every directory have "." and ".." dots? [duplicate]
A historical question. I tried searching for the answer to this, but no luck.
Every directory contains a "." and "..", even ROOT (/) contains "..", but why? Neither seem ...
- 1,736
0
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1
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129
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What might be an equivalent to Linux /opt/ in OpenBSD?
In OpenBSD there is no /opt/, as there is with Linux.
From man hier in Ubuntu Server 18.04:
/opt This directory should contain add-on packages that contain static files.
What would be a ...
- 423
0
votes
2
answers
419
views
DD command included directories
I'm learning the dd command in Linux. For test purposes, i initiated this command:
sudo dd bs=4M if=/dev/mmcblk0 of=/media/some_remote_host/stuff/myImage.img
I know that dd is for taking an image of ...
- 115
0
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2
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112
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What does mounting do in Linux and why do files appear in both /dev and /media after mounting?
I'm pretty new to Linux and I've been trying to understand how the file system works but I just can't seem to get what mounting is. I've seen several other questions on this site explaining but they ...
0
votes
0
answers
67
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How to rebuild original file structure from the "Lost" folders that show in UFS Explorer Professional Recovery
"Documents" folder had been deleted on CentOS which used LUKS & XFS. UFS Explorer Professional Recovery has been able to recover what it seems all documents that were inside this folder ...
- 133
0
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0
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168
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Rsync & MergerFS creating directories one by one
I have mergerfs setup with the default policy of epmfs. This means if I have local/target/ on all disks and copy files into local/target/, each file will get copied to the disk that has the most free ...
2
votes
1
answer
61
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How can I move all files matching a pattern into a new folder?
I have files like these :
- REPORT_100_COMPLETED.csv
- REPORT_100_FAILED.csv
- REPORT_101_COMPLETED.csv
- REPORT_101_FAILED.csv
- REPORT_102_COMPLETED.csv
- REPORT_102_FAILED.csv
I want all of them ...
- 23
0
votes
1
answer
61
views
True contents of a directory in a *nix system [duplicate]
I am learning about *nix file systems. In particular, I've been following this tutorial https://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Inodes.html interspersed with some Googling & whatnot. Is the true form of a ...
- 103
2
votes
1
answer
44
views
Figuring out why permission is denied on a file by recursively checking permission on parents
I get permission denied on a file /some/very/long/path while trying to do df on it.
I try to do df /some/very/long and get the same. Then I go one more level up df /some/very, still same.
Finally, ...
- 235
0
votes
2
answers
142
views
merge multiple files in several subdirectories into 1 file for each subdirectory and delete original files
I have a directory structure
DIR
SUBDIR1
11-01-11.txt
13-05-23.txt
SUBDIR2
12-05-56.txt
13-04-02.txt
...
- 91
6
votes
2
answers
601
views
How to mirror directory structure and files with zero size?
I am trying to mirror the directory and file structure of a particular directory. However, I want the mirrored files to have no size. So for example, if I had the following directory tree:
...
- 201
0
votes
1
answer
49
views
What is convention on where to install cross-platform libraries?
What is the prevailing (or correct) convention on where to install cross-platform libraries?
E.g. libfoo.so.1.0.0 compiled for the host might typically be located at /usr/local/lib/. If I also had to ...
- 1,291
0
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1
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41
views
command that display the directory and the files inside that directory like a tree
To get information about a directory we should use a certain command, so what command that display the directory and the files inside that directory like a tree in Linux? Thank you.
- 11
0
votes
1
answer
86
views
Move specific file types in subfolder to destination folder but without loosing subfolder structure
first of all I have very limited knowledge in Linux but I am always trying my best. I also have already automated a lot of things in my Unraid Server and RPi by using Cronjobs and scripts, but now I ...
- 1
0
votes
0
answers
32
views
Creating a chart of directory structure on a complicated Linux server
Im part of a development team for a certain server. Our project has a lot of old/legacy stuff, including code and design, and for this iteration at least it will remain like this. The server is Debian ...
- 177
1
vote
1
answer
113
views
Add directory to manpath based on users input
Using: Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
Editor: Nano
I am working on a small shell script for college and it needs to have menu with a range of options available to the user. One of the options is to "add a ...
- 11
0
votes
0
answers
112
views
How can I make a dummy directory tree with dummy files that contain realistic data?
I'm looking for preferably a one-liner that drops a directory tree a few layers deep with files that contain "realistic" data, as in, not /dev/zero nor /dev/urandom. Data that noticeably ...
- 293
-2
votes
2
answers
148
views
How to run a loop in all directories inside a directory [duplicate]
Let's say I have a directory called /tmp/main
and inside it I have 100 other directories .
I want to run a loop through each directory of those directories, for example to make a file with touch test....
- 327
0
votes
1
answer
65
views
Print only files, directories containing files and empty directories
I am trying to index some LTO tapes (and some hard disks as well) and would like a simple output, stored in a text file. Something like the example below:
...
/home/norg/Desktop/empty\ dir/
/home/norg/...
- 1
2
votes
1
answer
573
views
How to organize /opt?
I'd like to place a handmade script in its conventional place and folder structure. It's currently located in /opt/chkobm/chkobm, but it seems like a bad practice since it requires $PATH to include ...
- 243
1
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0
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258
views
Show files modified after a particular date ('find') in hierarchical format ('tree')
I'm trying to view files modified before or after a certain date using the hierarchical output of the Unix tree command.
For example, I know that one can use tree to sort files chronologically and ...
- 11
0
votes
1
answer
97
views
How to rsync a large directory tree, but only leaf directories that match a regex?
This is easier to explain with an example. Imagine I have a directory structure as follows:
pics/cats/png/01.png
pics/cats/png/02.png
pics/cats/jpg/01.jpg
pics/cats/jpg/02.jpg
pics/dogs/png/01.png
...
- 321
3
votes
2
answers
6k
views
Why is /var/lib used by application for storing data?
MySQL, fail2ban and many other server applications store their data in /var/lib.
Are they using the correct directory?
If so why is it named lib, which implies libraries?
- 579
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2
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146
views
Tree structures and directories [closed]
I need to draw the tree structure of the following code.
cd /; mkdir a b c a/a b/a; cd a; mkdir ../e ../a/f ../b/a/g; cd../b/./; mkdir /a/k a/b ../a/./b /c
I know that: cd /; (goes to root) , mkdir ...
0
votes
1
answer
202
views
Listing the content of the SFTP working directory
I am trying to create SFTP Account and I have the following configuration in /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Match group sftpgroup ChrootDirectory /sftp/ X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding no ForceCommand ...
1
vote
1
answer
145
views
Copy directory structure and sample of files from remote system
I would like to recreate the directory structure from a remote system to a local system and copy a sample of the files in each directory (e.g. copy only 5 files from each directory). There may be many ...
- 11
0
votes
1
answer
447
views
remove user access from /tmp directory
Is it possible to remove access of /tmp directory for a particular user, i.e user should not be able to even read /tmp directory ?
I know tmp directory has 1777 permission and let every user to ...
- 626
2
votes
1
answer
21
views
Are package file listings supposed to include only distributed files, or runtime generated files too?
I've been looking for where some files on my system have come from, such as (for sake of having an example, but question not specific to this) /etc/udev/hwdb.bin:
$ pacman -Qo /etc/udev/hwdb.bin
...
- 1,588
2
votes
3
answers
49
views
Messed up Folder structure. Is there a way to delete the empty subfolders except one?
After trying to reorganize my movie folder on my Debian machine, I ended up with a structure like this:
├── Universal.Love(2017)(1080p)
│ └── Universal.Love(2017)(1080p)
│ └── Universal.Love(...
- 21
1
vote
2
answers
144
views
Unix: ".." doesn't point to parent -- how is this possible?
I recently ran into the following problem on a Solaris 11 system
I do development on:
Somehow, a few directories had their parent pointer (..) pointing to
a different directory from the parent.
Let'...
- 21
3
votes
2
answers
103
views
How do I copy files across/outside symbolic links? (dest) [duplicate]
Suppose I have a file system like this:
/home/me/dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4/dir5/dir6/file1
Then in /home/me/dir1, I create a symbolic link:
$ cd /home/me/dir1
$ ln -s /home/me/dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4/dir5/...
- 71
0
votes
1
answer
71
views
how copy and move files in Ubuntu Linux
Trying to use the copy move and remove commands in Linux but always get error messages. There are three symbols in Linux directory structures that I'm having a hard time with These are ".", "~", and ...
3
votes
1
answer
538
views
`tree` horizontal display
Is there an alternative to tree command (or some way using the tree command itself) to print the directory structure horizontally?
Quite often, I have a tree structure, for which I have to scroll a ...
- 4,358
2
votes
0
answers
252
views
Where should I put web application code in the file-system hierarchy [closed]
What would be the most FHS compliant and standard location for putting the source code of a web-app, let's say a Flask app, be? I've looked around and haven't found any definitive and satisfactory ...
- 141