Questions tagged [conventions]
Naming conventions and best practice
2
votes
1answer
58 views
How to differentiate an executable sh file, and a source sh file?
I have sh files that are executable, and others that are only meant to be sourced by executable ones.
On the executable ones I use no extension at all, and have the first line as #! /bin/sh.
On the ...
3
votes
1answer
77 views
When did user accounts using UIDs above 1000 become normal? And why?
We have a really old NIS domain which is mapping some user accounts to UIDs less than 1000. I'm wondering
when did using UIDs greater than or equal to 1000 for human users become 'standard',
why did ...
1
vote
3answers
128 views
Why is it uncommon for stdin inputs to have option-like inputs, while common for command line arguments?
POSIX and GNU have their syntax styles for options.
For all the commands that I have seen, they accept option-like inputs as command line arguments.
Is it uncommon for a program to accept option-...
1
vote
3answers
85 views
Will it be bad that a function or script name contains dash `-` instead of underline `_`?
If I name a function or script with dash - instead of underline _ between words, would that be bad? For example, function duplicate-me() or duplicate-me.sh.
In bash, a variable name can contains ...
3
votes
1answer
63 views
GRUB Partion Naming Conventions
In the GNU GRUB info pages in the Ubuntu 16.04 LTS distro, the naming convention for partitions seemed straight forward with the following definition:
(hd0,msdos2)
Here, 'hd' means ...
0
votes
1answer
75 views
What is the numbering convention in .conf files(inside a conf.d)?
Inside the xorg.conf.d/ for example, we have three files:
00-keyboard.conf 10-monitor.conf 30-touchpad.conf
I know that the 2-digit number determine the precedence that each file is read so 00-...
2
votes
1answer
410 views
What do you call the calling convention behind `int 0x80`?
I know there is a syscall convention but what do you call the calling convention that precedes it that you see when you call to int 80 rather than syscall, like this.
mov rax,4 ; system call ...
3
votes
1answer
1k views
FreeBSD vs Linux: performance of kernel calling conventions
From int80h.org, the FreeBSD Assembly Language Tutorial
[The Linux Calling] convention has a great disadvantage over the Unix way, at least as far as assembly language programming is concerned: ...
0
votes
1answer
81 views
awk : best practice for loop variable naming [closed]
The following code results in an infinite loop because awk doesn't support local variable in { … } scope.
#! /usr/bin/gawk -f
function myfunction() {
for (i = 5; i < 8; i++){
print "...
2
votes
1answer
90 views
What is the usual single letter flag denoting an IP address in a commandline option? [closed]
I noticed in most programs that I use that read in IP addresses, they either use no option flag to denote IP address and it is just part of the default input (like ssh, scp, ifconfig, etc...) or it is ...
9
votes
2answers
833 views
When to use standard error stream in command-line application?
Is there a guideline when to use the error when writing a command-line application? To my surprise, I didn't find anything when googling it.
In particular, the question I'm concerned with right now ...
9
votes
2answers
2k views
An official standard / convention for a file extension for shell scripts to source
I was wondering if there is a convention for file type extensions for shell scripts you want to source instead of run. For example:
If I want to run this script in a subshell.
./script.sh
If I ...
1
vote
2answers
133 views
Mount point for system-wide USB disk
I have a USB disk connected to a server computer which is mounted when the computer starts. I'm thinking that it's not ideal to mount it under the /media directory since it could potentially lead to a ...
56
votes
8answers
9k views
Why does Bash's source not need the execution bit?
With Bash's source it is possible to execute a script without an execution bit set. This is documented and expected behaviour, but isn't this against the use of an execution bit?
I know, that source ...
2
votes
0answers
25 views
epstopdf loose greek symbole
I'm generating a pdf using gnuplot this way:
set term postscript color eps enhanced 15
set out '| epstopdf --filter --outfile=SD.pdf'
replot
set out
Whereas the eps file generated contains the ...
3
votes
1answer
137 views
How to determine program success when running a sequence of similar tasks?
I am writing a series of CLI tools that share the same parent command, similar to programs like git.
program verb OPTIONS
One of the action verbs, install, is designed to git clone as many ...
5
votes
2answers
926 views
How are log files named?
Or what can we infer from the names of log files?
For example, when I want to check the Xorg logs, I find three files:
Xorg.0.log
Xorg.0.log.old
Xorg.1.log
You can also find many such log ...
8
votes
2answers
2k views
Convention/standard on using curly braces around options
The man page for tar in Arch Linux SYNOPSIS section starts with:
tar {A|c|d|r|t|u|x}[GnSkUWOmpsMBiajJzZhPlRvwo] [ARG...]
I perfectly understand that in this situation it means that exactly one of ...
5
votes
1answer
272 views
Why do some utilities parse operands before options?
According to several sources, the UNIX utility guidelines specify that operands should always be processed after options:
utility_name[OPTIONS][operands...]
Some older UNIX utilities are known to ...
2
votes
4answers
4k views
What is “fs” short for in kernel function “get_fs()”?
There are two Linux kernel functions:
get_ds() and get_fs()
According to this article, I know ds is short for data segment.
However, I cannot guess what "fs" is short for.
Any explanations?
16
votes
1answer
2k views
What is the number prefix in config files from .d directory
A lot of unix config files in xx.d folders are prefixed by a number, like :
$ ls /etc/grub.d/
00_header 10_linux 30_os-prober 40_custom
05_debian_theme 20_linux_xen 30_uefi-...
0
votes
1answer
731 views
How are the different kernel naming schemes relate?
I am running Ubuntu 13.10 with the Kernel
3.8.0-030800-generic downloaded from http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.8-raring/
When I want to run for example turbostat or cpupower commands,...
6
votes
1answer
2k views
When should you use subshells vs `xargs`?
Many simple commands using xargs could be rewritten as commands using subshells. For instance, here is something I was using earlier today, to concatenate the ten largest binaries in /usr/bin, written ...
0
votes
1answer
115 views
KSH conventions scripting [closed]
I'm writing scripts in ksh atm. I'd like to know if there is any "conventions" as for example, always doing "unset" before using a variable, or using typeset to define a new variable, etc.
4
votes
1answer
561 views
Linux Icon Naming Conventions
Is there a naming convention in Linux when it comes to application icon filenames? What I'm referring to is the practice of including the icon size in the filename if the application uses multiple ...
8
votes
2answers
4k views
Where should I mount my external harddrive?
I've got an external harddrive that I'd like to auto-mount. It will be present most times when my laptop boots. Where is the "correct" place to mount it?
/media/my-hd: Will litter /media with an ...
57
votes
2answers
15k views
Why are shared libraries executable?
Why have almost all the shared libraries in /usr/lib/ have the executable permission bit set? I don't see any use case for executing them. Some do manage to hook-up some form of main function to print ...
40
votes
7answers
91k views
File extensions for unix shell scripts [closed]
On wikipedia, the article for .sh says:
For the .sh file extension type, see Bourne shell.
How about other unix shells?
I know that the shebang is used inside the file to indicate an ...
17
votes
2answers
6k views
Origin of the word cron?
Trying to settle a friendly argument. Is "cron" an acronym for something?
Additionally, did it's current canonical name "cron" originate from something shortened for something like chronos or ...
7
votes
2answers
924 views
What's the origin of rc, rc.d, share, proc in Linux?
I still can't figure out many abbreviations' origin like rc, rc.d, share, proc...
I've heard someone says rc is "run command", .d is directory, but I'm not sure that's true.
Is there a table ...
6
votes
3answers
9k views
Directories with binary files in Linux
I noticed that when I install new application there are a few possible directories where the resulting binary file will be placed.
You can install with packaging manager, compile with make, ...
6
votes
3answers
12k views
Most common encoding for strings in C++ in Linux (and Unix?)
For creating a C++ program that is source code level portable between Windows and Linux and handles internationalization well, there are IMHO three main encodings to consider:
The encoding of the C++ ...
21
votes
3answers
17k views
File and directory naming conventions
I want to refactor the files and directories on my system. However I am not sure what is best practice.
After reading this question and its answers I assume the most important part is to be ...
6
votes
3answers
1k views
Best directory for shared scripts
What is the conventional directory to keep shared scripts that might be used by more than one user?
I've read through this overview of the standard file system hierarchy, but it doesn't seem to ...
6
votes
2answers
10k views
Numbering convention for the linux kernel?
What is the convention for numbering the linux kernels? AFAIK, the numbers never seem to decrease. However, i think I've seen three kinds of schemes
2.6.32-29
2.6.32-29.58
2.6.11.10
Can anybody ...
170
votes
4answers
77k views
Why do we use su - and not just su?
I don't understand why su - is preferred over su to login as root.
55
votes
16answers
12k views
Why do Unix-heads say “minus”?
A couple of weeks ago I attended a talk on Git by someone who seemed to be from a Windows background. I say "seemed to be" because he kept saying "dash" when referring to command-line options. I ...
10
votes
2answers
815 views
Anyone know the meaning of yy?
Since history questions are considered on topic, I figured I'd ask one that's been bugging me for quite some time and no one I know seems to know the answer. Does anyone know what the historical ...
