This was easy in Thunar, but now I'm on a machine where I'm trying to do everything in the Gnome desktop world.
In Nautilus, I'm in some deep-down folder. How do I open an xterm (rxvt, aterm, gnome's terminal app, whichever) with its working directory already set to the location Nautilus is showing?
There is a very useful Nautilus extension called nautilus-open-terminal that does just what you asked. You should find it in the standard repositories.
Once installed you should have a "Open in terminal" entry in the File menu.
killall nautilus. This would have killed all the instances of nautilus, which then should have restarted automagically ;)
A more general feature that works with both Dolphin/Nautilus and some Terminals like Gnome Terminal or Konsole is to just drag a folder over the terminal. This will give you a quoted path to the folder. You can use this after a cd command or other commands like cp, mv, ln, or whatever you might want.
Yet another method is to use Nautilus' built in script support. This gives the chance to execute scripts (which as variables get the file/folder path) you actuvated it on, see here.
