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Is it possible to set up a server to mirror a distro's repository, but only download/store requested upgrades or new packages rather than download them all?

So all computers on the LAN can connect to this server for all upgrades so they only have to be downloaded once.

I've looked at apt-mirror but that seems to download everything.

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Take a look at Apt Cacher or Apt Cacher NG. You can also check out the manual for Apt Cacher NG. There's also a pretty good guide in the Ubuntu community documentation titled: Apt-Cacher-Server.

Setup

Setting it up is pretty straightforward.

  1. Install

    $ sudo apt-get install apt-cacher-ng
    
  2. Test it's accessible via browser

    http://server_IP:3142
    
  3. Add the cache to one of your systems

    $ sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf
    
  4. Add this line to your apt.conf file

    Acquire::http { Proxy "http://server_ip:3142"; };
    
  5. Do an update

    $ sudo apt-get update
    

References

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