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I came across a sentence in vimdoc:

Note: CTRL-S does not work on all terminals and might block
                further input, use CTRL-Q to get going again.

and this key indeed hangs my vim. I was thinking that it was the fault of vim, since there was no problem when I use C-s/C-x C-s in emacs nox. However just now when I was reading a manpage and pressed the Ctrl-s, it hangs man as well(I am setting less as the PAGER).

So can someone tell me what's happening?

The terminal emulators are xterm and lxterminal, and tty also has this problem. And a Ctrl+q puts the process right again in all the cases.

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3  
This might be a stupid question but you didn't mention what you have tried in your question. You tried C-q to re-enable scrolling, right? – h3rrmiller Apr 11 '13 at 15:40
1  
@h3rrmiller yeah, that's right. But I just would like to know why ctrl-s cause the process to hang. – Hongxu Chen Apr 11 '13 at 15:41
    
before there were keyboards with the scroll lock key C-s and C-q were the old days "scroll lock toggle". you can disable this functionality by adding stty ixany and stty ixoff -ixon to your .bashrc – h3rrmiller Apr 11 '13 at 15:42
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This is a nowadays stupid historical setting in terminal emulators; see this related question for how to fix your terminal. – Ingo Karkat Apr 11 '13 at 15:45
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@IngoKarkat I wouldn't say it's stupid... I still use it from time to time – h3rrmiller Apr 11 '13 at 15:57
up vote 226 down vote accepted

This feature is called Software Flow Control (XON/XOFF flow control)

When one end of the data link (in this case the terminal emulator) can't receive any more data (because the buffer is full or nearing full or the user sends C-s) it will send an "XOFF" to tell the sending end of the data link to pause until the "XON" signal is received.

What is happening under the hood is the "XOFF" is telling the TTY driver in the kernel to put the process that is sending data into a sleep state (like pausing a movie) until the TTY driver is sent an "XON" to tell the kernel to resume the process as if it were never stopped in the first place.

C-s enables terminal scroll lock. Which prevents your terminal from scrolling (By sending an "XOFF" signal to pause the output of the software).

C-q disables the scroll lock. Resuming terminal scrolling (By sending an "XON" signal to resume the output of the software).

This feature is legacy (back from the 80's when terminals were very slow and did not allow scrolling) and is enabled by default.

To disable this feature you need the following in either ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc:

stty -ixon
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7  
Actually I think it goes at last as far back as the 70's, if not the 60's. – Keith Apr 11 '13 at 18:17
    
However it seems not working on Ubuntu 16.04. – Robert Nov 23 '17 at 2:32
up vote 13 down vote

At the end of my .bashrc script I have added:

#so as not to be disturbed by Ctrl-S ctrl-Q in terminals:
stty -ixon
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