python version and package installation issue

Question

I have different python version on my Linux server running with Centos7.

[xyz@innolx20122]$ python
python             python2.7          python3.6          python3.7          python3.7m-config
python2            python3            python3.6m         python3.7m

I want to use python3.7 version only so have made an alias in my .bashrc file.

alias python=python3.7

I have installed python invoke module which I am going to use further.

pip install invoke

It got installed at default python 2.7 location

[xyz@innolx20122 ~]$ pip install invoke
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: invoke in ./.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (1.4.1)

I am facing issue when running invoke tasks as 2.7 version does not support **kwargs arguments. How can I fix this issue?

Update

I created one more alias as

pip=pip3.7

[xyz@innolx20122 ~]$ pip --version
pip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

Now when I run pip install invoke, getting this issue.

[xyz@innolx20122 ~]$ pip install invoke
Collecting invoke
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2c/16/f00efa99ae9f255142a230ce6819c37ae9dd29a7144477c1161cc72d01ed/invoke-1.4.1-py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: invoke
Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/invoke'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 20.2.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

I tried using

pip install invoke --user

after this I could see package was installed at location

[xyz@innolx20122 ~]$ pip install invoke --user

Requirement already satisfied: invoke in ./.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (1.4.1)
You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 20.2.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[xyz@innolx20122 ~]$ cd ./.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages
[xyz@innolx20122 site-packages]$ ls
invoke  invoke-1.4.1.dist-info



[xyz@innolx20122 ~]$ cd /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/
[xyz@innolx20122 site-packages]$ ls
easy_install.py  pip  pip-10.0.1.dist-info  pkg_resources  __pycache__  README.txt  setuptools  setuptools-39.0.1.dist-info


[xyz@innolx20122 sd-test]$ inv --list
Trace

    back (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/bin/inv", line 8, in <module>
        sys.exit(program.run())
      File "/home/xyz/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/invoke/program.py", line 373, in run
        self.parse_collection()
      File "/home/xyz/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/invoke/program.py", line 465, in parse_collection
        self.load_collection()
      File "/home/xyz/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/invoke/program.py", line 696, in load_collection
        module, parent = loader.load(coll_name)
      File "/home/xyz/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/invoke/loader.py", line 76, in load
        module = imp.load_module(name, fd, path, desc)
      File "/home/xyz/developer-workspace/vikrant-xyz/sd-test/tasks/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
        from .airflow import *
      File "/home/xyz/developer-workspace/vikrant-xyz/sd--test/tasks/airflow.py", line 57
        **airflow_vars,

Answer 1

You have a couple choices:

1. Create another alias for pip3 that points to a pip installed for python 3.7
2. Use pip3 to install your own pip in your homedir and use that instead
3. Create a symlink to the pip you want to use, put it in ~/.local/bin (and make sure it is in the $PATH)

Just make sure you are running entirely as a user and not overwriting something owned by a package.