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I used to add static routes up until debian 9 this way:
up route add -net 1.2.3.4.5/23 gw 2.3.4.5.6
up route add -host 2.3.4.5 gw 3.4.5.6
What changed for debian10 and what's the new syntax for static routes in the /etc/network/interfaces file?
The up ... lines are not stand-alone, but they are extensions of an iface ... line before them. Before Debian 9, the actual network interface used to pretty much always be the last entry in /etc/network/interfaces, so just adding up route add ... lines at the end might have actually worked pretty often.
If you chose to install a desktop environment, the installation is likely to include NetworkManager, and in that case, there may be no iface line for your network interface at all, allowing the interface to be controlled by NetworkManager instead. In that case, you could use one-time nmcli commands to persistently add new routes:
nmcli c modify eno1 +ipv4.routes "1.2.3.4/23 2.3.4.5" # network route
nmcli c modify eno1 +ipv4.routes "2.3.4.5 3.4.5.6" # host route
And if you don't use NetworkManager... the net-tools package that includes the old ifconfig and route commands has been deprecated since Debian 9, and is no longer installed by default. So unless you have explicitly chosen to install net-tools, you should use the newer ip route commands instead:
iface eno1 ...
up /bin/ip route add 1.2.3.4/23 via 2.3.4.5 # network route
up /bin/ip route add 2.3.4.5/32 via 3.4.5.6 # single host route
/etc/network/interfaces, you may need to use an absolute path: up /bin/ip ... instead of just up ip ....
nmcli you might want to use nmcli connection show to get your value of eno1 above.
dhcp the up command is not executed.
Feb 10, 2022 at 14:07
This works for debian 9 (debian stretch), debian 10 (debian buster) and debian 11 (debian bullseye):
Edit /etc/network/interfaces file and add your permanent routes.
Example:
auto ens192
allow-hotplug ens192
iface ens192 inet static
address 192.168.221.54/24
gateway 192.168.221.1
dns-nameservers 82.99.137.41 212.158.133.41
dns-search secar.cz
up ip route del 192.168.0.0/24 via 192.168.221.1 dev ens192
up ip route add 192.168.0.0/24 via 192.168.221.1 dev ens192
up ip route del 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.221.1 dev ens192
up ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.221.1 dev ens192
route command on my Debian 11, I wonder, has it been moved to be a function of ip now?
Feb 13, 2022 at 5:05
ip route add. This used to be done with the route command by itself. Now I see it has been integrated as a function of ip
Feb 16, 2022 at 1:24
I solve the problem in /etc/systemd/network/, here i put all network configuration!
Replace or comment if exists: dhcp.network file for static.network
[Match]
Name=e*
[Network]
Address=aaa.aaa.aaa.aaa/aa (MY IP)
Gateway=ccc.ccc.ccc.ccc (Default Gateway)
DNS= 8.8.8.8
DNS= 8.8.4.4
[Route]
Destination=yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy/yy
GatewayOnlink=true
Gateway=zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz
Metric=1
[Route]
Destination=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx
GatewayOnlink=true
Gateway=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Metric=1
