I currently have a bcache device with one SSD as cache and one HDD as a backing device.
Is it possible to add another backing device without loosing the files already on the bcache device?
Once everything is writen out of your bcache device to the HDD it caches for, you should be able to swap things around without issue.
For more information look here: https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-bcache/msg03359.html