You can use rpm -qf /bin/ls
to figure out what package your installed version belongs to:
[09:46:58] ~ $ rpm -qf /bin/ls
coreutils-8.5-7.fc14.i686
[09:47:01] ~ $
Update: Per your comment, the following should work if you want only the name of the package (I just got a chance to test):
[01:52:49] ~ $ rpm -qf /bin/ls --queryformat '%{NAME}\n'
coreutils
[01:52:52] ~ $
You can also use dnf provides /bin/ls
to get a list of all available repository packages that will provide the file:
# dnf provides /bin/ls
Last metadata expiration check: 0:17:06 ago on Tue Jun 27 18:04:08 2017.
coreutils-8.25-17.fc25.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
Repo : @System
coreutils-8.25-17.fc25.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
Repo : updates
coreutils-8.25-14.fc25.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
Repo : fedora