Many commandline tools take arguments. There are one-letter, short, arguments and ... long arguments. They change the default behaviour of such a tool.
Short arguments are prefixed with a single dash -
Long arguments are prefixed with a double dash --
Short arguments can be combined into ls -l -t -r
is the same as ls -ltr
.
Long arguments need to be distinguished from combined singles, and to do that, a long argument is prefixed with a double dash ls -l -t --reverse
or ls -lt --reverse
Long arguments are easier to remember, short ones faster to type.
Most commands have a manual page which explains these arguments in detail. Eg. man ls
for the manual page of the ls command which I used in my examples above.