Replace a line in a text file but only where it is preceded by a specific multi-line pattern

Question

My file contains:

Pineapple
Apple
Banana
Rice
Grape
Watermelon
Orange
Apple
Banana
Rice
Mango
Pear
Plum
Banana
Rice
Cherry

I want to make it like this:

Pineapple
Apple
Banana
Rice
Grape
Watermelon
Orange
Apple
Banana
Olive
Mango
Pear
Plum
Banana
Rice
Cherry

I am, here, changing from "Rice" to "Olive", but only where the occurrence of "Rice" follows a match of a multi-line pattern; specifically where "Rice" occurs after the multi-line pattern:

Orange
Apple
Banana

I am open to using awk, perl, sed, or any other tool.

Answer 1

Perl does the job quite nicely:

perl -0pe 's/Orange\nApple\nBanana\n\KRice/Olive/' input.txt

You can exercise and test regexes on regex101.

Answer 2

One possible solution:

paste -d' ' -s myfile \
 | sed 's/\(Orange Apple Banana\) Rice/\1 Olive/g' \
 | tr ' ' '\n'

Explanation:

paste -d' ' -s myfile takes each line of myfile and pastes it serially (i.e., on a single line) separated by the delimiter (a space). Instead of input with one word per line, you now have input with all words on one line.

sed 's/\(Orange Apple Banana\) Rice/\1 Olive/g' searches through the input and replaces each occurrence of 'Orange Apple Banana Rice' with 'Orange Apple Banana Olive'.

tr ' ' '\n' translates all space characters in the input to newline characters, converting the single line of input back into the original format with one word per line.