First we download the latest Steam package:
wget --continue http://repo.steampowered.com/steam/archive/precise/steam_latest.deb
Then we update apt
cache:
sudo apt update
And install the Steam package with apt
:
sudo apt install ./steam_latest.deb
After you first run Steam and agree to EULA, it will check for additional packages needed:
Steam needs to install these additional packages:

You enter your sudo
password and agree with the installation and wait for it to install.
Open terminal again and delete these two files:
rm $HOME/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
rm $HOME/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
Run Steam again, this time it will start with:
Updating Steam...
Once successfully updated you will need to remove those two files again.
Now you are done, you may launch Steam and log into your account.
I'm afraid you will have to repeat those two files deletion once the Steam client gets updated again, until they fix it, at least.