I've heard the term "mounting" when referring to devices in Linux. What is its actual meaning? How it handling now unlike older versions?
I haven't done that manually via the command-line. Can you give the steps (commands) for mounting a simple device in Linux?
Unix systems have a single directory tree. All accessible storage must have an associated location in this single directory tree. This is unlike Windows where (in the most common syntax for file paths) there is one directory tree per storage component (drive).
Mounting is the act of associating a storage device to a particular location in the directory tree. For example, when the system boots, a particular storage device (commonly called the root partition) is associated with the root of the directory tree, i.e., that storage device is mounted on / (the root directory).
Let's say you now want to access files on a CD-ROM. You must mount the CD-ROM on a location in the directory tree (this may be done automatically when you insert the CD). Let's say the CD-ROM device is /dev/cdrom and the chosen mount point is /media/cdrom. The corresponding command is
mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
After that command is run, a file whose location on the CD-ROM is /dir/file is now accessible on your system as /media/cdrom/dir/file. When you've finished using the CD, you run the command umount /dev/cdrom or umount /media/cdrom (both will work; typical desktop environments will do this when you click on the “eject” or ”safely remove” button).
Mounting applies to anything that is made accessible as files, not just actual storage devices. For example, all Linux systems have a special filesystem mounted under /proc. That filesystem (called proc) does not have underlying storage: the files in it give information about running processes and various other system information; the information is provided directly by the kernel from its in-memory data structures.
/dev/cdrom? Why not access is directly from /dev/cdrom? If the CD Rom is not mounted already, how is it part of a path on the system? Is the /dev/cdrom just a virtual file and not a folder that I can read files from, that's why?
– user2173353
Jul 31 at 13:40
/dev/cdrom presents the content of the device as a giant “file”. It's just reading data directly from the drive without going through a filesystem. Mounting not only associates the device containing the data (typically /dev/something) with a directory (e.g. /media/cdrom), but also with a filesystem driver, which is a piece of code that understands how the data on the device is organized and presents it as files and directories.
– Gilles 'SO- stop being evil'
Jul 31 at 13:49
What is meant by mounting a device in Linux?
In simple words a mount point is a directory to access your data (files and folders) stored on your disks.
Analogy: Courtesy
Let us read a farmer story who distributed his uncultivated land to his children and what they did from it.
There is a farmer who thought of distributing his whole barren land of 25 Hectares to his three children, he distributed as below.
Child 1: John got eight hectares of land.
Child 2: Barbie got 13 hectares of land.
Child 3: Steve got four hectares of land.
Now the farmer's children planned to improve their respective lands and started ploughing depending on the crops they were going to cultivate.
John wants to cultivate Oranges.
Barbi wants to cultivate Mangos.
Steve wants to cultivate Corn.
For these crops/fruit tree cultivation they require to plough differently to suite their crops. As shown below diagram for cultivating Mangos ploughing is different from cultivating corn. Once this is done they sow their respective crop plants in their lands.
As crops are grown they should be protected from intruders and they arranged a fence around their lands and created an entry point to each of their lands with a gate.
So if anyone to access their lands they have to enter through these gates and get the fruit’s/corn from the land.
THE ANALOGY OF THIS STORY TO OUR DISK MANAGEMENT IS AS BELOW.
What is meant by mounting a drive? Before your computer can use any kind of storage device (such as a hard drive, CD-ROM, or network share), you or your operating system must make it accessible through the computer's file system. This process is called mounting. You can only access files on mounted media.
Formats and mounting Your computer stores data in specific, structured file formats written on a piece of media (such as a disk or CD-ROM). Your computer must be able to read the format on this media in order to interpret its data properly; if the computer does not recognize the format, it will return errors. Also, forcing your computer to work with corrupted or unrecognized formats will cause it to write data incorrectly, possibly rendering unrecoverable all the files stored on the media.
Mounting ensures that your computer recognizes the media's format; if your computer cannot recognize that format, the device cannot be mounted. When media is successfully mounted, your computer incorporates the media's file system into your local file system, and creates a mount point, a locally available link through which you access an external device. In Windows or Mac OS X, the mount point is represented by a disk or other icon; in Unix or Linux, the mount point is a directory. Most operating systems handle mounting and unmounting for you.
Let's consider the job of the Post Master general of Washington DC.
In the early days, all roads which led to anywhere, lead from PA Avenue outwards. If you wanted to get your mail, your location had to be navigable from PA Avenue; If somebody builds a street off PA avenue, and then builds a house, he must tell me:
"My house is at this GPS location. But in order to get mail, start at PA Avenue, then go to K street, then go to my house"
mount GPS_LocationOfMyHouse to PA Avenue / K street / MyHouse
Mounting is simply the process of telling the post master general where the house is relative to PA Avenue, or in this case, the root path.
