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I would like to shutdown my system and boot it again after X seconds. Is there any command or service I can use to perform such task?
The purpose: I perform the shutdown when I have the suspect that the power supply is going to be unplugged, so, if it is the case the system will stay off (of course because there is no power) otherwise the system will start again.
You may be looking for rtcwake, which (at least on Debian) comes in package util-linux and makes use of your computer's real-time clock alarm. Just go into hibernation instead of shutting down (and try nvram-wakeup, if rtcwake won't work out of hibernating for you).
nvram-wakeup -s $((`date +%s` + X)) seems the right thing to do here but I get an error message like "You mainboard is currently not supported" so I guess I have to try something else. Concerning rtcwake I don't know what happen if a cut the supply in hibernation mode. I may have to try.
rtcwake -m off -s X and it works like a charm! The mode off is used to shutdown the system. It is not officially supported by ACPI, but usually works.