Kill a process cleanly

Question

I need to make Linux Ubuntu platform automatically start and kill one process, for example, if time is 8am process starts, if time is 7pm process is killed, and that have to be every day, and should be quite okay, if time interval will be easy to change.

I'm trying to use simple codes in crontab:

28 12 * * * /home/pi/Desktop/start.sh
50 11 * * * pkill led.py

Don't look at times, I've tried to change them, start.sh starts led.py script, but I cant stop it if I'm using pkill -9 -f led.py. The process gets killed, but LEDs won't turn off. If I manually start the program and then kill it with Ctrl+c, the LEDs turn off. Where is the problem? Why I can't kill the process and at the same time turn off the LEDs?

Answer 1

When you type Ctrl+c, that usually sends the process an "INT" signal. From signal(7):

  Signal     Value     Action   Comment
  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  ...
  SIGINT        2       Term    Interrupt from keyboard

It is common for processes to install a handler for this signal, allowing them to perform some cleanup before exiting. In the case of your led.py script, it sounds like this handler turned off the LEDs.

By default, pkill and kill send the "TERM" (15) signal. (You also tried sending "KILL" (9).) These signals caused led.py to die less gracefully, without getting a chance to run its finishing-up function.

To allow led.py to finish cleanly, you should send the "INT" (2) signal, with

pkill -2 [process specifier]

The pkill command in your crontab may also have been failing to find the process, because the name you gave wasn't the one it was searching for. From pkill(1):

-f, --full

The pattern is normally only matched against the process name. When -f is set, the full command line is used.

As your script, led.py, was presumably a python script, the process name was simply python (or python3, or similar). The full command line would be something like python led.py, so the -f options lets you match on that.

pkill -2 -f led.py

Answer 2

I use this function from many years ago:

function killit () {
for process in "$@"; do
    kill -0 $process &>/dev/null
    if [[ $? == 0 ]] ; then
        sudo kill $process #(sends a TERM, wait 5 seconds)
        sleep 5
        RUNNING=$(ps aux | tr -s " " "\t" | cut -f 2 | grep $process)
        if [[ $RUNNING ]] ; then
            echo "$0 WARNING: process $process still running, trying kill again"
            sudo kill $process #(yes, try again, wait 5 seconds)
            sleep 5
            RUNNING=$(ps aux | tr -s " " "\t" | cut -f 2 | grep $process)
            if [[ $RUNNING ]] ; then
                echo "$0 WARNING: process $process still running, trying kill -INT"
                sudo kill -INT $process  #(wait for it)
                sleep 5
                RUNNING=$(ps aux | tr -s " " "\t" | cut -f 2 | grep $process)
                if [[ $RUNNING ]] ; then
                    echo "$0 WARNING: process $process still running, trying kill -INT again"
                    sudo kill -INT $process  #(damn, still not dead?)
                    sleep 5
                    RUNNING=$(ps aux | tr -s " " "\t" | cut -f 2 | grep $process)
                    if [[ $RUNNING ]] ; then
                        echo "$0 WARNING: process $process still running, trying kill -KILL"
                        sudo kill -KILL $process #(same thing as -9)
                        sleep 5
                        RUNNING=$(ps aux | tr -s " " "\t" | cut -f 2 | grep $process)
                        if [[ $RUNNING ]] ; then
                            echo "$0 WARNING: process $process still running, trying kill -KILL again"
                            sudo kill -KILL $process #(something is wrong)
                            sleep 5
                            RUNNING=$(ps aux | tr -s " " "\t" | cut -f 2 | grep $process)
                            if [[ $RUNNING ]] ; then
                                echo "$0 WARNING: Can't kill process $process"
                                logger "$0 WARNING: Can't kill process $process"
                            fi
                        fi
                    fi
                fi
            fi
        fi
    fi
done
}