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After reading the "Art of Assembly Language", I obtained the High Level Assembly language from the website listed in the book. After editing my .bashrc file, I compiled my canonical "Hello world!" program using

hla helloworld.hla

This returned this error:

    ld: i386 architecture of input file `helloworld.o' is incompatible with 
    i386:x86-64 output 
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib  
    /hlalib.a(ex_hwExcept.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(ex_Raise.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(ex_buildexcepts.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(ex_InstallSignals.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(ex_abstract.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(ex_excepts.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output  
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(ex_dfltexcept.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(so_puts.o)' 
    is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib  
    /hlalib.a(str_catu32.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(str_cath32.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib 
    /hlalib.a(str_cat2.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(str_catd.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(str_cats.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(str_catu64size.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib
    /hlalib.a(str_init.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
    ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(str_cpy.o)' 
    is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(linux_write.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(linux_sigaction.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(linux_exit.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv_dToStr.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv_u64tostr.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv_underscores.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv_h32ToStr.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(hexTbL.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(fio_puts.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(fio_putssize.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(fileio_write.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(hla_get_set_OutputUnderscores.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(stdoutvars.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv_u64tobuf.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv__hexTobuf32Size.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv_u64size.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv_u32size.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv_h32Size.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv__hexTobuf32.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(hexDigitsData.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(fio__putpad.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
ld: i386 architecture of input file `/usr/hla/hlalib/hlalib.a(conv__unsTobuf64.o)' is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output
Error returned by ld = 256

I feel as if this is an error with compatibility, since am on Linux x64, whilst the book advertised HLA as x86 compatible. I looked at the flags for HLA and there are no parameters I can set in order to change this. What can I do?

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  • It sounds like the hla program is compiling for a different architecture than your native architecture. This makes sense, since assembly isn't entirely portable; you would need to make modifications to an x86 assembly file to get it to compile on x86-64. Can you modify the hla program in any way? (If it's a script, can you add flags to the ld call?) – saiarcot895 Jul 4 '16 at 15:50
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A google for 64 bit hla finds for example this forum article which says you can pass an option to the loader to do a 32 bit version with:

hla -lmelf_i386 -v helloWorld

There's more discussion in this blog. You may need to install a 32 package like glibc.i686.

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