I have been trying to create a bootable debian (jessie/8.4) image for the past 2 days, and as far as I can tell I have the procedure right, but I can not get the filesystem right. I am relatively sure that I am doing something wrong here, missing something with mounting or /etc/fstab
(there isn't one in my image). I was hoping someone with some experience would be able to help me out/show me what I am missing.
Here are the errors I see as I'm booting into qemu-system-x86:
As text and then as the actual screenshots:
Errors:
fsck: error 2 (No such file or directory) while executing fsck.ext2 for /dev/sda1
fsck exited with status code 8
[FAILED] Failed to start Load/Save Random Seed
See `systemctl status systemd-random-seed.service` for details.
[FAILED] Failed to start Various fixups to make systemd work better on Debian.
See `systemctl status debian-fixup.service` for details.
...
[FAILED] Failed to start Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown.
See `systemctl status systemd-update-utmp.service` for details.
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes.
Here are the instructions I've written up for myself / steps I've taken:
cd ~
mkdir debootstrap
cd debootstrap/
# get newest
wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_1.0.80_all.deb
ar -x debootstrap_1.0.80_all.deb
zcat /root/debootstrap/data.tar.gz | tar xv
apt-get install parted
# 1.5Gbytes
dd if=/dev/zero of=1445.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1536k
parted -s 1445.img -- mklabel msdos mkpart primary 1m 1.5g toggle 1 boot
losetup --show -f 1445.img
# prints out `/dev/loopX`, enter this on the next lin
partprobe /dev/loop0
# only have to make the filesytem once --> if you are troubleshooting steps, do not redo this line
mkfs -t ext2 /dev/loop0p1
mount /dev/loop0p1 /mnt
debootstrap --verbose --components=main,contrib,non-free \
--include=firmware-realtek,linux-image-amd64,grub-pc,ssh,vim \
--exclude=nano \
--arch amd64 jessie /mnt http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian
source for information on using --components
Ensure that the kernel is installed, it should appear in
/boot
within the chroot, that is/mnt/boot
with the following files:initrd.img-3.16.0-4-amd64
vmlinuz-3.16.0-4-amd64
config-3.16.0-4-amd64
System.map-3.16.0-4-amd64
install grub
grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot --modules=part_msdos /dev/loop0
Set up APT
copy over the apt sources
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /mnt/etc/apt/sources.list
ensure the cdrom source is commented out
add the line:
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stable-backports main contrib non-free
Setup a chroot
mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
# if you want your pushprofilesettings
cp ~/.bashrc /mnt/root/
cp ~/.vimrc /mnt/root/
# chroot -- enter the system as if it were thy own
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
export HOME=/root
export LC_ALL=C
export LANG=C.UTF-8
export TERM=xterm-256color
mount
from man mount:
--bind
Remount a subtree somewhere else (its contents are available in both places).
-t <type>
Mount of filesystem type, with this, mount
will attempt to auto determine
setup serial/console access
edit /etc/default/grub
:
Set
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
to:GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"
Uncomment
GRUB_TERMINAL=console
Beneath, add the line:
GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --speed=115200 --unit=0 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1"
Make the grub config - This MUST be done in a non-systemd-nspawn
shell (that means chroot
)
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Exit chroot
exit
Clean up for chroot'ed
umount /mnt/sys
umount /mnt/dev
umount /mnt/dev/pts
umount /mnt/proc
Can check for additional mounts with: mount | grep /mnt
and then unmount them with umount
Enter systemd-nspawn
systemd-nspawn -D /mnt
# not you are in a special container
Set the password for root
with passwd
In /etc/ssh/sshd_config
comment out PermitRootLogin without-password
to read #PermitRootLogin without-password
and insert PermitRootLogin yes
beneath it
Now enable ssh on startup
systemctl enable ssh
clean up
# this is needed to clean up both chroot and systemd-nspawn -D /mnt
# once this is run you can not do systemd-nspawn either so wait until you are entirely done
exit
umount /mnt
losetup -d /dev/loop0
Check for additional mounts with: mount | grep /mnt
If ANYTHING is returned, unmount them with umount
Recover (only necessary in ERROR)
If you broke something, or need to retry, RE-MOUNT / SETUP CHROOT on existing .img
:
losetup --show -f 1445.img
# prints out `/dev/loopX`, enter this on the next lin
partprobe /dev/loop0
mount /dev/loop0p1 /mnt
testing img
qemu-system-x86_64 -hda 1445.img -m 1024 -vnc :0
sudo debootstrap --components=main,contrib,nonfree --variant=minbase --include=linux-generic,grub-pc --arch=i386 xenial /mnt
.