I have installed Debian 8, but I neeed to use just multi-user text mode, runlevel 3, instead of appear my Gnome 3.
But I saw that doesn't exist /etc/inittab
.
And now?
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Sign up to join this communityTwo things you need to know:
1) Systemd boots towards the target given by "default.target". This is typically a symbolic link to the actual target file.
2) Systemd keeps it's targets in /lib/systemd/system and /etc/systemd/system. A file in /etc/systemd/system takes precedence over those shipped with the OS in /lib/systemd/system -- the intent is that /etc/systemd is used by systems administrators and /lib/systemd is used by distributions.
Debian as-shipped boots towards the graphical target. You can see this yourself:
$ ls -l /etc/systemd/system/default.target
... No such file or directory
$ ls -l /lib/systemd/system/default.target
... /lib/systemd/system/default.target -> graphical.target
So to boot towards the multiuser target all you need do is to put in own target:
$ cd /etc/systemd/system/
$ sudo ln -s /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target default.target
It is highly recommended not to mess with the manual symlink-ing, but rather use appropriate options of the systemctl
command. In this case, to set the default target you should run:
# systemctl set-default multi-user.target
You MUST HAVE ROOT PRIVILEGE to do that in Debian.
Firstly, su
. Then enter root password.
when you have root privilege, just type init [runlevel]
or `telinit [runlevel] is OK.
Because init
is under /sbin
and Debian is so simplified. It have no feature like Ubuntu which will tell you that init
is under /sbin
, you must have root privilege to do that.
By the way, poweroff
, reboot
and so on are all in similar situation as init
.
If you just want to shutdown or reboot, type systemctl poweroff
or systemctl reboot
. It will shutdown or reboot system without require root privilege.
root@kali:~# systemctl set-default runlevel3.target
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.
The new distros don't use /etc/iniitab. They instead they use /etc/init/rc-sysinit.conf. So there are a few ways of doing this:
edit the kernel comand line in bootloader configuratoin file (if its grub, then grub.cfg)
edit /etc/init/rc-sysint.conf (DEFAULT_RUNLEVEL=2)
Choose to Edit at the bootmenu locate the kernel line, add a space and specify the run level as shown here :
systemd
Debian never split text vs graphics mode into run levels. The default run level was always 2, for graphics and text.