convert images to pdf: How to make PDF Pages same size

Question

I did something like

convert -page A4 -compress A4 *.png CH00.pdf

But the 1st page is much larger than the subsequent pages. This happens even though the image dimensions are similar. These images are scanned & cropped thus may have slight differences in dimensions

I thought -page A4 should fix the size of the pages?

Answer 1

Last time I used convert for such a task I explicitly specified the size of the destination via resizing:

$ i=150; convert a.png b.png -compress jpeg -quality 70 \
      -density ${i}x${i} -units PixelsPerInch \
      -resize $((i*827/100))x$((i*1169/100)) \
      -repage $((i*827/100))x$((i*1169/100)) multipage.pdf

The convert command doesn't always use DPI as default density/page format unit, thus we explicitly specify DPI with the -units option (otherwise you may get different results with different versions/input format combinations). The new size (specified via -resize) is the dimension of a DIN A4 page in pixels. The resize argument specifies the maximal page size. What resolution and quality to pick exactly depends on the use case - I selected 150 DPI and average quality to save some space while it doesn't look too bad when printed on paper.

Note that convert by default does not change the aspect ratio with the resize operation:

Resize will fit the image into the requested size. It does NOT fill, the requested box size.

(ImageMagick manual)

Depending on the ImageMagick version and the involved input formats it might be ok to omit the -repage option. But sometimes it is required and without that option the PDF header might contain too small dimensions. In any case, the -repage shouldn't hurt.

The computations use integer arithmetic since bash only supports that. With zsh the expressions can be simplified - i.e. replaced with $((i*8.27))x$((i*11.69)).

Lineart Images

If the PNG files are bi-level (black & white a.k.a lineart) images then the img2pdf tool yields superior results over ImageMagick convert. That means img2pdf is faster and yields smaller PDFs.

Example:

$ img2pdf -o multipage.pdf a.png b.png

or:

$ img2pdf --pagesize A4 -o multipage.pdf a.png b.png

Answer 2

What you really want to use is:

$ convert a.png b.png -compress jpeg -resize 1240x1753 \
                      -extent 1240x1753 -gravity center \
                      -units PixelsPerInch -density 150x150 multipage.pdf

-extent actually extends the image to be 1240x1753, while -resize keeps the image's ratio, fitting it into either 1240x... or ...x1753.

The -gravity parameter is optional but can be used to center the image when extending.

Answer 3

Addition to caugner's answer:

having installed IM v6.6.9-7 i found out the -gravity parameter needs to be placed in between -resize and -extent to have an effect.

additionally (altough not part of the o.p. question) i found setting a different background-color appealing which would result in the total command of

convert in.jpg -resize 1240x1750 -background black -compose Copy\
               -gravity center -extent 1240x1750\
               -units PixelsPerInch -density 150 out.pdf

another useful variation i often use when i don't want to re-scale an image that already comes in the correct aspect-ratio but keep its individual resolution is

convert in.jpg -units PixelsPerInch -set density '%[fx:w/8.27]'\
               -repage a4 out.pdf

where the target density is dynamically determined by calculating the width divided by 8.27 (which is the width in inch of an A4 page). the -repage a4 parameter can be omitted most of the time but i've had a few cases where the resulting .pdf would have a different format sligtly off the A4 dimensions of 210x297mm (8.27x11.6")

Answer 4

I highly recommend the Python CLI program img2pdf for lossless conversion:

https://gitlab.mister-muffin.de/josch/img2pdf

Example usage:

img2pdf img1.png img2.png -o out.pdf

Answer 5

I found Mikher's code very useful, however it lays out the PDF entirely as either Portrait or Landscape, so I have modified it to check the layout of each input file and match it in the output.

I didn't include Yotam's edit as it works without it on my Ubuntu 15.04 box.

$#!/bin/bash

# Resizes files to A4 (or other size - change PaperWdthMetr and PaperHghtMetr below) and merges into a PDF

export LOCALE=C

[[ "${2}x" == "x" ]] && \
 { echo "Usage: $( basename $0 ) output.pdf extension"
   echo "       merges all files (*.extension) into a single PDF"
   echo "If files z_merged.pdf, z_temp.pdf or $1 exist, they will be overwritten"
 exit 1
 } || \
 OutName="$1"
 ext="$2"

# Set basic variables
unset Debug #; Debug="yes" # print extra messages
IMBackground="white"      # what colour for paper
IMQuality="91"            # JPEG compression level
PaperHghtMetr="297"       # milimeters, 297 for ISO A4
PaperWdthMetr="210"       # milimeters, 210 for ISO A4
PaperDens="200"           # maximum (wanted) dpi for a page
PaperHInch=$( echo scale=5\; $PaperHghtMetr / 2.54 / 10      | bc -l ) # Inch
PaperWInch=$( echo scale=5\; $PaperWdthMetr / 2.54 / 10      | bc -l ) # Inch
PaperRtio=$(     echo scale=5\; $PaperWdthMetr / $PaperHghtMetr | bc -l )

# Remove temporary files from prior run
rm -rf z_merged.pdf z_temp.pdf 2>/dev/null

# Process any $ext file in the current directory
find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*.${ext}" -print0 | sort -z | while read -d '' -r FName
do
  echo "Converting $FName"
  ImgIdentify=$( identify -format "%w %h" "$FName" )
  ImgWdthOrig=$( echo $ImgIdentify | cut -d" " -f1  )
  ImgHghtOrig=$( echo $ImgIdentify | cut -d" " -f2  )
  ImgRtio=$( echo "scale=5; $ImgWdthOrig / $ImgHghtOrig"  | bc -l )


# Match output page layout - Landscape or Portrait - to input file
  if (( $(echo "$ImgRtio > 1 && $PaperRtio > 1 || $ImgRtio < 1 && $PaperRtio < 1" |bc -l) )); then
    echo "Portrait"
    PaperHghtInch=$PaperHInch
    PaperWdthInch=$PaperWInch
  else
    echo "Landscape"
    PaperHghtInch=$PaperWInch
    PaperWdthInch=$PaperHInch
  fi


  [[ $( echo $ImgRtio'>'$PaperRtio | bc -l ) == 1 ]] \
    && ImgDens=$( echo scale=0\; $ImgWdthOrig / $PaperWdthInch | bc -l ) \
    || ImgDens=$( echo scale=0\; $ImgHghtOrig / $PaperHghtInch | bc -l )
  [[ $Debug ]] && echo "ImgDens1: $ImgDens"
  [[ $( echo $ImgDens'>'$PaperDens | bc -l ) == 1 ]] \
    && ImgDens=$PaperDens
  [[ $Debug ]] && echo "ImgDens2: $ImgDens"

  ImgWdth=$( echo $PaperWdthInch \* $ImgDens | bc -l ) # pixels
  ImgHght=$( echo $PaperHghtInch \* $ImgDens | bc -l ) # pixels

  [[ $Debug ]] && echo "ImgWdth: $ImgWdth".
  [[ $Debug ]] && echo "ImgHght: $ImgHght".

  convert "${FName}"                                 \
          -resize ${ImgWdth}x${ImgHght}              \
          -background $IMBackground -gravity center  \
          -extent ${ImgWdth}x${ImgHght}              \
          -units PixelsPerInch -set density $ImgDens \
          -repage ${ImgWdth}x${ImgHght}+0+0          \
          -compress JPEG                             \
          -quality $IMQuality                        \
          "${FName%.$ext}.pdf"

  # Merge new PDF page with prior pages
  [[ -f z_merged.pdf ]] && \
   { pdftk z_merged.pdf "${FName%.$ext}.pdf" cat output z_temp.pdf
     mv z_temp.pdf z_merged.pdf
   } || \
     cp "${FName%.$ext}.pdf" z_merged.pdf
  [[ $Debug ]] || rm -rf "${FName%.$ext}.pdf"
done

[[ -f z_merged.pdf ]] && mv z_merged.pdf "$OutName"
echo "Done."

Answer 6

I just used something similar to maxschlepzigs answer under Ubuntu 16.04 / ImageMagick

This also centers the result

i=300; convert a.png b.png -compress jpeg -quality 100 \
      -density ${i}x${i} -units PixelsPerInch \
      -resize $((i*827/100))x$((i*1169/100)) \
      -gravity center \
      -extent $((i*827/100))x$((i*1169/100)) multipage.pdf

Answer 7

I find the following script convenient which combines the answers listed here as well as some problems I had with the floating point calculation:

endInputArgs=$(($#-1))

quoted_args="$(printf " %q" "${@:1:$endInputArgs}")"
output_arg="$(printf " %q" "${@:$#:1}")"

ratiox=$(echo "150*8.27" | bc -l)
ratioy=$(echo "150*11.69" | bc -l)

bash -c "convert $quoted_args -compress jpeg -resize 1240x1753 \
  -units PixelsPerInch -density 150x150 -repage ${ratiox}x${ratioy} $output_arg"

The script is called (saved as a file images2pdf)

images2pdf file\ 1.jpg file\ 2.jpg file\ 3.jpg output.pdf

/edit: Added "-l" flag according to comment by tanius for better precision.

Answer 8

I was struggling with that stuff, too. Based on the above info, I wrote a script which adds alphabetically sorted image files into a single PDF.

Some variables are settable inside the script. It depends on ImageMagick and pdftk.

NB: If the input image has a higher resolution (dpi) than the wanted resolution of output.pdf, the image is resampled to the lower resolution. Otherwise, the image is not resampled and it is only extended to fit the page canvas.

#!/bin/bash

export LOCALE=C

[[ "${2}x" == "x" ]] && \
 { echo "Usage: $( basename $0 ) output.pdf extension"
   echo "       merges all files (*.extension) into a single PDF"
   echo "If files z_merged.pdf, z_temp.pdf or $1 exist, they will be overwritten"
 exit 1
 } || \
 OutName="$1"
 ext="$2"

# Set basic variables
unset Debug #; Debug="yes" # print extra messages
IMBackground="white"      # what colour for paper
IMQuality="91"            # JPEG compression level
PaperWdthMetr="210"       # milimeters, 210 for ISO A4
PaperHghtMetr="297"       # milimeters, 297 for ISO A4
PaperDens="200"           # maximum (wanted) dpi for a page
PaperWdthInch=$( echo scale=5\; $PaperWdthMetr / 2.54 / 10      | bc -l ) # Inch
PaperHghtInch=$( echo scale=5\; $PaperHghtMetr / 2.54 / 10      | bc -l ) # Inch
PaperRtio=$(     echo scale=5\; $PaperWdthMetr / $PaperHghtMetr | bc -l )

# Remove temporary files from prior run
rm -rf z_merged.pdf z_temp.pdf 2>/dev/null

# Process any $ext file in the current directory
find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*.${ext}" -print0 | sort -z | while read -d '' -r FName
do
  echo "Converting $FName"
  ImgIdentify=$( identify -format "%w %h" "$FName" )
  ImgWdthOrig=$( echo $ImgIdentify | cut -d" " -f1  )
  ImgHghtOrig=$( echo $ImgIdentify | cut -d" " -f2  )
  ImgRtio=$( echo "scale=5; $ImgWdthOrig / $ImgHghtOrig"  | bc -l )
  [[ $( echo $ImgRtio'>'$PaperRtio | bc -l ) == 1 ]] \
    && ImgDens=$( echo scale=0\; $ImgWdthOrig / $PaperWdthInch | bc -l ) \
    || ImgDens=$( echo scale=0\; $ImgHghtOrig / $PaperHghtInch | bc -l )
  [[ $Debug ]] && echo "ImgDens1: $ImgDens"
  [[ $( echo $ImgDens'>'$PaperDens | bc -l ) == 1 ]] \
    && ImgDens=$PaperDens
  [[ $Debug ]] && echo "ImgDens2: $ImgDens"

  ImgWdth=$( echo $PaperWdthInch \* $ImgDens | bc -l ) # pixels
  ImgHght=$( echo $PaperHghtInch \* $ImgDens | bc -l ) # pixels

  [[ $Debug ]] && echo "ImgWdth: $ImgWdth".
  [[ $Debug ]] && echo "ImgHght: $ImgHght".

  convert "${FName}"                                 \
          -resize ${ImgWdth}x${ImgHght}              \
          -background $IMBackground -gravity center  \
          -extent ${ImgWdth}x${ImgHght}              \
          -units PixelsPerInch -set density $ImgDens \
          -repage ${ImgWdth}x${ImgHght}+0+0          \
          -compress JPEG                             \
          -quality $IMQuality                        \
          "${FName%.$ext}.pdf"

  # Merge new PDF page with prior pages
  [[ -f z_merged.pdf ]] && \
   { pdftk z_merged.pdf "${FName%.$ext}.pdf" cat output z_temp.pdf
     mv z_temp.pdf z_merged.pdf
   } || \
     cp "${FName%.$ext}.pdf" z_merged.pdf
  [[ $Debug ]] || rm -rf "${FName%.$ext}.pdf"
done

[[ -f z_merged.pdf ]] && mv z_merged.pdf "$OutName"
echo "Done."

Answer 9

I wanted to convert an image to page size of 5.00 x 8.00 in (viewed from adobe reader) Here's what I did on ubuntu 18.04 OS. First, figure out the page size I am after like so:

$ pdfinfo my-input.pdf

And the return is: Page size: 360 x 576 pts

Then the image is converted to a PDF of same size like so:

$ img2pdf --pagesize 360x576 -o outpage.pdf input_pic.jpg

Note: to install img2pdf

$ sudo apt install img2pdf