combining grep ignore and matches

Question

I would like to grep a file to find all instances of the text fn1 that don't have the word call in front of it and print out four lines before and after the matches (even if the surrounding lines have the word call in them). I tried

grep -A 4 -B 4 '[^call].+fn1'

but it doesn't get any matches (presumably because of the [^call]). I cannot just use -v and pipe that that to another grep or vice versa because I want to see the surrounding lines of text. I guess I could use -v on call, pipe that to grep fn1 and then pipe those lines to another instance of grep that matches the whole lines with context but that seems ugly and might be really slow if there are a lot of matches.

This seems like it should be simple, but I'm not sure. Any help?

EDIT:

Sample data

main code
main code
more main code
call fn1(ii, jj)
even more main code
call fn2
still more main code

function fn1
call fn3
fn1 code
more fn1 code

I would like grep to retutn

call fn2
still more main code

function fn1
call fn3
fn1 code
more fn1 code

I want it to show me all the instances where fn1 is used except when it's being called and I don't want to miss other functions that are being called within the context.

Answer 1

To negate regular expressions is not easy. You could use negative lookbehinds:

$ grep -C4 -P '(?<!call).*fn1' test.txt 
5-even more main code
6-call fn2
7-still more main code
8-
9:function fn1
10-call fn3
11-fn1 code
12-more fn1 code

This grep uses Perl-style regular expressions (-P) to look for any instance of fun not preceded by call. And you can combine -A4 -B4 to get -C4.