I have a file that only uses \n for new lines, but I need it to have \r\n for each new line. How can I do this?
For example, I solved it in Vim using :%s/\n/\r\n/g, but I would like to use a script or command-line application. Any suggestions?
I tried looking this up with sed or grep, but I got immediately confused by the escape sequence workarounds (I am a bit green with these commands).
If interested, the application is related to my question/answer here
You can use unix2dos (which found on Debian):
unix2dos file
Note that this implementation won't insert a CR before every LF, only before those LFs that are not already preceded by one (and only one) CR and will skip binary files (those that contain byte values in the 0x0 -> 0x1f range other than LF, FF, TAB or CR).
or use sed:
CR=$(printf '\r')
sed "s/\$/$CR/" file
or use awk:
awk '{printf "%s\r\n", $0}' file
or use perl:
perl -pe 's|\n|\r\n|' file
CR before every LF, only before those LFs that are not already preceded by one (and only one) CR.
– Stéphane Chazelas
Sep 1 '14 at 16:34
'\r' with sed does the trick.
– rkersh
Jun 16 '16 at 17:43
This is exactly what unix2dos does:
$ unix2dos file.txt
That will replace file.txt in-place with a version with CRLF line endings.
If you want to do it with sed, you can insert a carriage return at the end of every line:
sed -e 's/$/\r/' file.txt
This replaces (s) the zero-size area right before the end of the line ($) with \r. To do in-place replacement (like unix2dos does), use sed -i.bak, although that is a non-standard extension - if you don't have it, use a temporary file.
\r in replacement is not portable. At least, it won't work in Mac OSX.
– cuonglm
Sep 1 '14 at 6:43
u2d, ux2dos, todos commands around as well.
– Stéphane Chazelas
Sep 1 '14 at 16:36
If you are doing the conversion on a Unix machine (OS X, Linux), open the file with vi or vim:
$ vim my-file
press the ESC key to ensure that you are not in insert mode, then type
:set ff=dos
or
:set fileformat=dos
This does conversion in place by setting the file format.
To write the file and quit the editor use
:wq
On the command line you can do
$ vi +':w ++ff=dos' +':q' my-file
Doing this with POSIX is tricky:
POSIX Sed does not support \r or \15. Even if it did, the in place
option -i is not POSIX
POSIX Awk does support \r and \15, however the -i inplace option
is not POSIX
d2u and dos2unix are not POSIX utilities, but ex is
POSIX ex does not support \r, \15, \n or \12
To remove carriage returns:
awk 'BEGIN{RS="\1";ORS="";getline;gsub("\r","");print>ARGV[1]}' file
To add carriage returns:
awk 'BEGIN{RS="\1";ORS="";getline;gsub("\n","\r&");print>ARGV[1]}' file
A portable shell function that will do this:
u2dos() (set -f; IFS='
'; printf '%s\r\n' $(cat "$1"))
With that you can do:
u2dos file >dosfile
In awk you can try
awk '{print $0 "\r"}'
Or
awk -v r=$'\r' '{print $0 r}'
The $'\r' is an example of ANSI-C style quoting as supported by a few shells like ksh93, bash, zsh, mksh and FreeBSD sh and likely to be included in issue 8 of the Single Unix Specification.
It offers a general way to express weird characters, try this, for example:
awk -v r=$'\U0001F608' '{print $0 r}'
