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I can't quite understand groups.
For example, lets say if I add the following into my samba config:
valid users = @users
Must the group users exist on my system or is a samba group itself?
And if the former, how can I create this group. via groupadd -r users?
After that, only those valid users in that group can browse files, right?
When I log in now as root to list all groups via groups, it just says root, nothing more, but I need to know all groups.
users must exist in the system.groupadd users. No need to use the -r option to create a system group. You can add user to the group using the command gpasswd -a username groupnamegroups command list the groups the current user is in. The full list of group is inside the configuration file /etc/group. Do not modify this file with a text editor: if you do some syntax error you may become unable to login.
rootuser is only in therootgroup because there is no need for anything else: all permissions are simply ignored by the system.