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I'm trying to debug a network problem on a embedded system which has a very limited set of userspace applications. Meaning I can't use any of the following
sudo lsof -i
sudo netstat -lptu
sudo netstat -tulpn
How can i read which sockets are binded from /sys or /proc?
Netstat and lsof get their information from /proc/$pid/fd/* for per-process data and from /proc/net/tcp, /proc/net/udp, /proc/net/icmp and /proc/net/raw for IPv4 socket information (and /proc/net/tcp6, /proc/net/udp6 and /proc/net/raw6 for IPv6). The equivalent of your commands is mostly to read these files in /proc/net (plus DNS lookups).
For debugging purposes, consider uploading a binary of lsof to your system, it can be a lot more convenient than rummaging in /proc.
You can get the list of binded sockets from /proc/net/tcp[6], /proc/net/udp[6] and /proc/net/raw[6].
Beware if converting the hex values in those files to "normal" IP adresses, they are in little-endian (e.g. 3900060A represents 10.6.0.57 and not 57.0.6.10 as least significant byte comes first).
