How can I replace all newlines with space except the last newline.
I can replace all newline to space using tr but how I can do it with some exceptions?
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6 Answers
You can use paste -s -d ' ' file.txt:
$ cat file.txt
one line
another line
third line
fourth line
$ paste -s -d ' ' file.txt
one line another line third line fourth line
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You can use tr to replace all newlines to space and pass the output to sed and replace the last space back to a newline:
tr '\n' ' ' < afile.txt | sed '$s/ $/\n/'
answered Feb 8, 2014 at 20:46
Re-implementing vonbrand's idea in Perl, provided the file is small enough:
perl -p00e 's/\n(?!\Z)/ /g' your_file
answered Feb 9, 2014 at 1:17
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+1 because this method works for replacements with multibyte characters (as opposed to GNU paste)– myrddDec 21, 2018 at 16:27
This worked for me.
tr '\n' ' ' < file_with_new_line | sed 's/\ $//g' > file_with_space
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Yes I have. Have you? Your
trcommand replaces all newlines with spaces and yoursedcommand removes the last space. This results in a file without a final newline and so is not what the question is asking for. By the way, there's no point int usinggin thesedcommand. Since you're using$, it can only match at the end, thegis pointless. You also don't need to escape the space, the `` makes no difference either.– terdon ♦Mar 1, 2016 at 12:14
you can use this trick:
echo $(cat file.txt)
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Not if there are multiple (adjacent) spaces, or empty or all-space lines, or any word in the file contains shell 'glob' characters/constructs (
* ? [..]) that match any file(s) in the current directory, or depending on your shell sometimes even if they don't match. Or if the file size exceeds approximately ARG_MAX on shells whereechoisn't builtin. Jul 5, 2021 at 5:29
Something like sed -e 's;\n\(.\); \1;' should do...
