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How do you pronunce /usr?
I found in the net that someone reads it "user"... but, for what I know, this directory is not related to the user. The meaning of the acronym is "Unix specific (or system) resources".
How can we better read it, making it easy to immediately understand the sense of the scope of such folder?
In the original Unix implementations, /usr used to contain the user home directories, e.g. instead of /home/user, you would have /usr/user. The original intention was for the directory to be called ´user´ with the connotation "everything user related".
Since then, the role of /usr has narrowed. In current Unix-like operating systems, /usr still tends to contain user-land programs and data (as opposed to 'system' programs and data), although in many cases the distinction between for instance /usr/bin and /bin isn't perhaps as strong as it used to be.
Perhaps the pronunciation 'user' is more understandable given this background. A backronym some people prefer is 'User System Resources', but 'user' is still more common.
/usr for some reason.
/home are covered by jilliagre's answer to this related question.
Nov 4, 2017 at 8:41
The "Unix specific (or system) resources" is a backronym. As already stated, it is just a shorten form of user. See this related question
I tend to pronounce it "user" with experienced people, i.e. those knowing what I'm talking about, and "u-ess-err" with the ones I'm unsure.
I can personally vouch that it's been pronounced "user" since at least the early eighties, when portability across OS's (and with it the concept of "unix-specific" as opposed to system-independent resources) was not on anyone's map. "Unix-specific resources" is definitely a later invention, or "folk etymology".
As @Thomas demonstrates, it used to contain more obviously "user" stuff. In older systems, /usr was often a disk mount point, so that system essentials were on the root drive or partition (/), and /usr would contain userland programs and data that can be loaded later in the boot process.
Some time ago, I found the Low Fat Linux tutorial, which has this brief explanation about the Linux file sistem.
In short, it lists the following definitions:
- /bin Contains the Linux system commands and programs (also called binaries). Pronounced "slash bin."
- /dev Contains special device files that correspond to hardware components. Pronounced "slash dev."
- /etc Contains configuration files for Linux and other installed software. Pronounced "slash et-see."
- /home Contains the home directories (personal storage) for each user on the system. Pronounced "slash home."
- /sbin Contains more Linux binaries (special utilities not for general users). Pronounced "slash ess-bin."
- /root The home directory for the root user; not to be confused with /. Some Linux systems use /home/root instead of /root. Pronounced "slash root."
- /usr Contains system programs and other files for general users such as games, online help, and documentation. By convention, a user should not put personal files in this directory. Pronounced "slash user."
/etc being pronounced et-see except by Americans. Maybe this is regional variance (like the pronunciation of router), but here in the UK I know it as etcetera or possibly ee-tee-see.
Oct 24, 2015 at 11:25
Might as well go to the source. In this 1982 film from AT&T that features the UNIX inventors, The UNIX Operating System, Brian Kernighan pronounces /usr as "user", around the 13:41 mark. He is showing his home directory, /usr/bwk.
Until computers running UNIX got large user bases and multiple disk drives, almost all users' home directories were directly under /usr.
/usret al setup, and with users' home directories under/user. In that context, pronouncing/usras "slash user" would not have been a good idea. But I've never seen/userused that way before or since, so it was probably an unusual case.