I've also been trying to use my Pi as a wireless adapter for my Xbox 360. Initially, I had an issue where plugging in the ethernet cable (to the powered on Xbox) dropped the wifi connection, and the only way to get it to work again was to unplug and replug the USB wifi dongle (uses the smsc95xx driver, but I had the same issue with other dongles I tested).
For reference, I'm using a similar configuration as posted at linuxquestions.org.
Specifically, I used the following commands:
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
Then, I configured the Xbox's network settings as
IP address: 192.168.1.2
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
and I set the primary DNS server to my router's IP address.
This worked but, as I said, you had to replug the USB wifi adapter.
What seems to have fixed (just tried this today) it is advice taken from the Raspberry Pi forum which cites the ifplugd daemon as the cause.
Running the commands:
sudo ifplugd eth0 --kill
sudo ifplugd eth0 --check-running
before setting up iptables seem to have fixed the problem for me.
EDIT: To be clear, I now have the ifplugd kill command (ifplugd check-running just confirms that the daemon has been stopped) followed by the other three commands (sysctl, ifconfig, iptables) in my Pi's /etc/rc.local and the ethernet connection works correctly on startup.
This might not be your issue, especially if it works for a few minutes before dropping. If not, the Pi is a little temperamental with USB hardware; you could always try another dongle (e.g. adapters with various Ralink chipsets seem quite popular for the Pi, and are cheap on eBay) or try a powered USB hub if you're not already using one.