Update: I have created a new user via adduser and Virtualbox fonts are OK there. This does not solve my problem, however... I still don't know what is going on and I'd like my own user account to have the correct settings.
In my fresh install of Debian with Xfce, programs such as QtConfig, VLC and Virtualbox, which presumably use the Qt GUI framework, all have Greek fonts.
This is really annoying, and I'd like to change it to something understandable, preferably the system-wide font settings.
Here are some screenshots:
QtConfig:
Virtualbox:
VLC: 
How can I solve this?
Additional info:
locale says:
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=
egrep '^[^#]' /etc/locale.gen says:
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8andLANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8to your/etc/locale.conffile. If after rebooting that doesn't fix the issue, try running virtualbox from a terminal with(LANG=en_US.UTF-8 VirtualBox)(or whatever the name of the executable is) and see if that changes anything. But most likely a bug report is in order. – Martín Canaval Feb 1 at 15:06