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I'm interested in running an rsync script whenever any new volume is mounted on my Debian box. What are some potential triggers / strategies for listening for a new volume mount?

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You can create a new rule to /etc/udev/rules.d/. First read the file /etc/udev/rules.d/README. In the new rule file, add something like

KERNEL=="sd?1",ACTION=="mount",RUN+="/path/to/script.sh"

(I did not try the above line, try your own rules.)

Note that the script will be run as root. You might want to use su to change that.

Using ACTION=="add" would require script.sh first to mount the volume.

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This catches the case when the volume is attached, but not the mount. A mount might not necessarily occur when it's attached. – Marco Sep 6 '12 at 12:16
Marco, correct. I edited the ACTION from add to mount. I still cannot test the rule, so please be careful with that. Also SUBSYSTEM=="block"might be more useful than KERNEL. – Jari Laamanen Sep 6 '12 at 12:47

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