Sure, a flash drive is generally just a bootloader with a data partition, so just partition your disk in such a way that you have at least 4GB to spare (or use the Windows partition if it isn't installed already), copy the chromium install partition data there (using dd to make it easy) then just replicate the bootloader onto the harddisk (this bit is a bit harder). But seriously, why not just use a USB stick?
You can copy more than partitions with dd (just point it to the whole device), though you will then need to be careful when extending the partition table to fit the new disk geometry.